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["Έργο LIFE EL BIOS: Hellenic Biodiversity Information System: an innovative tool for biodiversity conservation (LIFE20 GIE/GR/001317)"]
[]
["ΑΠΟΓΡΑΦΗ ΣΥΝΟΛΩΝ ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΩΝ ΓΙΑ ΤΗ ΒΙΟΠΟΙΚΙΛΟΤΗΤΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΑΣ"]
[]
["Στο πλαίσιο του έργου LIFE EL BIOS (Hellenic Biodiversity Information System: an innovative tool for biodiversity conservation) θα αναπτυχθεί ένα εθνικό διαδικτυακό πληροφοριακό σύστημα που θα συγκεντρώνει, συνδυάζει και διαχέει με εύληπτο τρόπο δεδομένα για τη βιοποικιλότητα της Ελλάδας και τις προστατευόμενες περιοχές. Τη διαχείριση και λειτουργία του θα αναλάβει ο Οργανισμός Φυσικού Περιβάλλοντος και Κλιματικής Αλλαγής (ΟΦΥΠΕΚΑ). \n\nΗ απογραφή αυτή διενεργείται με σκοπό τη σύνταξη ενός πλήρους καταλόγου των υφιστάμενων συνόλων δεδομένων σχετικών με τη βιοποικιλότητα της χώρας και την διερεύνηση της δυνατότητας ανάρτησής τους στο ELBIOS. Θα παράσχει πολύτιμες πληροφορίες που θα τροφοδοτήσουν το πληροφοριακό σύστημα του ELBIOS, θα υποστηρίξουν τη λειτουργία του ΟΦΥΠΕΚΑ, αρμόδιων υπηρεσιών και περιβαλλοντικών οργανώσεων και θα ωφελήσουν την επιστημονική κοινότητα και το ευρύτερο κοινό.\n\nΗ συμβολή σας είναι καθοριστικής σημασίας. Παρακαλούμε να αφιερώσετε λίγο χρόνο για τη συμπλήρωση του αρχείου ακολουθώντας τις παρακάτω οδηγίες συμπλήρωσης. Τα συλλεχθέντα προσωπικά δεδομένα θα χρησιμοποιηθούν αποκλειστικά για ενδεχόμενη ανάγκη επικοινωνίας και για κανέναν άλλο σκοπό. \n\nΣας ευχαριστούμε θερμά για την ανταπόκριση και συνεισφορά σας."]
["ΟΔΗΓΙΕΣ ΣΥΜΠΛΗΡΩΣΗΣ: \n\nΣυμπληρώστε το φύλλο εργασίας \"Απογραφή συνόλων δεδομένων\" ακολουθώντας τις σχετικές οδηγίες που αναγράφονται σε κάθε πεδίο, χρησιμοποιώντας τις λίστες καθορισμένων τιμών που εμφανίζονται και λαμβάνοντας υπόψη τα παραδείγματα που δίδονται. \n\nΠαρακαλείστε να καταγράψετε μόνο σύνολα δεδομένων για τα οποία είστε ο νόμιμος κάτοχος και διατηρείτε τα πλήρη δικαιώματα πνευματικής ιδιοκτησίας και διάθεσης. Με τον όρο \"σύνολο δεδομένων\" (dataset) εννοείται μια δομημένη συλλογή δεδομένων. \n\nΓια τη σωστή λειτουργία του αρχείου, ενεργοποιήστε τις μακροεντολές στο σχετικό μήνυμα που θα εμφανιστεί μόλις ανοίξετε το αρχείο."]
["Παρακαλείστε να αποστείλετε το συμπληρωμένο αρχείο, καθώς και τυχόν απορίες σας στο email: elbios@necca.gov.gr"]

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["A/A","ΦΟΡΕΑΣ/ΟΡΓΑΝΙΣΜΟΣ","ΤΙΤΛΟΣ ΣΥΝΟΛΟΥ ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΩΝ (DATASET)","ΘΕΜΑ ΣΥΝΟΛΟΥ ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΩΝ","ΠΕΡΙΕΧΟΜΕΝO ΣΥΝΟΛΟΥ ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΩΝ","ΣΥΝΤΟΜΗ ΠΕΡΙΓΡΑΦΗ ΣΥΝΟΛΟΥ ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΩΝ","ΧΡΗΜΑΤΟΔΟΤΗΣΗ","ΠΡΩΤΟΚΟΛΛΟ ΣΥΛΛΟΓΗΣ ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΩΝ","ΜΟΡΦΗ ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΩΝ","ΚΑΤΗΓΟΡΙΑ ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΩΝ","ΤΥΠΟΣ ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΩΝ","ΜΟΡΦΟΤΥΠΟΣ ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΩΝ","ΜΕΤΑΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΑ","ΓΛΩΣΣΑ","ΓΕΩΓΡΑΦΙΚΟ ΕΠΙΠΕΔΟ","ΗΜΕΡΟΜΗΝΙΑ ΔΗΜΙΟΥΡΓΙΑΣ","ΧΡΟΝΙΚΗ ΕΚΤΑΣΗ","ΡΥΘΜΟΣ ΑΝΑΝΕΩΣΗΣ ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΩΝ","ΕΜΠΕΡΙΕΧΟΝΤΑΙ ΕΥΑΙΣΘΗΤΑ ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΑ;","ΕΜΠΕΡΙΕΧΟΝΤΑΙ ΠΡΟΣΩΠΙΚΑ ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΑ;","ΠΡΟΣΒΑΣΗ","ΔΙΑΘΕΣΗ/ΧΡΗΣΗ","ΑΔΕΙΑ ΔΙΑΘΕΣΗΣ/ΧΡΗΣΗΣ","ΧΩΡΟΣ ΔΙΑΘΕΣΗΣ","ΤΙΤΛΟΣ ΙΣΤΟΣΕΛΙΔΑΣ","ΣΥΝΔΕΣΜΟΣ (URL)","ΠΡΟΘΕΣΗ ΔΙΑΘΕΣΗΣ ΣΥΝΟΛΟΥ ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΩΝ ΣΤΟ EL BIOS","ΛΟΓΟΙ ΜΗ ΠΡΟΘΕΣΗΣ ΔΙΑΘΕΣΗΣ ΣΤΟ ELBIOS, ΛΟΓΟΙ ΜΗ ΠΡΟΘΕΣΗΣ ΔΙΑΘΕΣΗΣ ΣΤΟ EL BIOS","ΥΠΕΥΘΥΝΟΣ","ΤΗΛΕΦΩΝΟ","EMAIL"]
["ΟΔΗΓΙΕΣ","Συμπληρώστε την επίσημη ονομασία του οργανισμού/φορέα που διατηρεί το σύνολο δεδομένων που καταγράφετε.","Συμπληρώστε το χαρακτηριστικό όνομα με το οποίο είναι γνωστό το σύνολο δεδομένων. Το όνομα πρέπει να είναι σύντομο και ακριβές.","Επιλέξτε από τη λίστα το ΚΥΡΙΩΣ ΘΕΜΑ του συνόλου δεδομένων.","Προσδιορίστε με πολλαπλές επιλογές από τη λίστα, το περιεχόμενο του συνόλου δεδομένων σας. Μπορείτε να επιλέξετε από ολόκληρη τη λίστα περιεχομένου, ανεξάρτητα από το κυρίως θέμα το οποίο επιλέξατε στην προηγούμενη στήλη. Σημειώνεται ότι η λίστα που αφορά στις ΠΙΕΣΕΙΣ/ΑΠΕΙΛΕΣ βασίζεται στην ταξινόμηση που ακολουθείται στις εθνικές εκθέσεις για τα Άρθρα 17 και 12 των Οδηγιών για τη Φύση  (ΒΛ. ΦΥΛΛΟ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑΣ \"ΠΙΕΣΕΙΣ-ΑΠΕΙΛΕΣ ΑΠΟ ΟΔΗΓΙΕΣ\").","Συμπληρώστε με ελεύθερο κείμενο μια σύντομη περιγραφή του συνόλου δεδομένων (περιεχόμενο, μέθοδος, σχετικό έργο στο πλαίσιο του οποίου παράχθηκε, κλπ).","Επιλέξτε από τη λίστα (δυνατότητα πολλαπλών επιλογών) την προέλευση της χρηματοδότησης ή συγχρηματοδότησης από την οποία προήλθε το σύνολο δεδομένων.","Απαντήστε με Ναι/Όχι, εάν το σύνολο δεδομένων συνδέεται με κάποιο πρωτόκολλο συλλογής δεδομένων. \n\nΕάν απαντήσετε Ναι, προσδιορίστε ποιο πρωτόκολλο ή αναφέρετε σχετική βιβλιογραφική αναφορά.","Επιλέξτε από τη λίστα, αν το σύνολο δεδομένων διατίθεται σε ψηφιακή ή σε αναλογική (έντυπη) μορφή. \n\nΣε περίπτωση που διατίθεται και στις δύο μορφές, επιλέξτε μόνο την \"Ψηφιακή\" μορφή.","Επιλογή από τη λίστα (δυνατότητα πολλαπλών επιλογών). ","Επιλογή από τη λίστα (δυνατότητα πολλαπλών επιλογών). ","Συμπληρώστε τον μορφότυπο (format) του αρχείου με τον οποίο διατίθεται το σύνολο δεδομένων (για παράδειγμα: pdf, xls, shp, doc, ...). \n\nΜπορεί να διατίθεται σε περισσότερους από έναν μορφοτύπους. Να συμπληρωθούν όλοι.","Επιλέξτε από τη λίστα Ναι/Όχι, εάν το σύνολο δεδομένων συνοδεύτεται από μεταδεδομένα ή όχι.","Συμπληρώστε τουλάχιστον μία (ή και περισσότερες) από τις επίσημες γλώσσες της Κοινότητας στην οποία είναι γραμμένο κείμενο που τυχόν υπάρχει εντός του συνόλου δεδομένων που περιγράφεται (για παράδειγμα τα πεδία του πίνακα περιγραφικών χαρακτηριστικών αν πρόκειται για ένα αρχείο GIS, ονοματολογία, κλπ).\n\nΣε περίπτωση που το σύνολο δεδομένων δεν περιέχει κείμενο (πχ ορθοεικόνα), συμπληρώστε τη γλώσσα μεταδεδομένων. Αν δεν υπάρχουν μεταδεδομένα, συμπληρώστε τη γλώσσα στην οποία συμπληρώνετε το παρόν.","Επιλέξτε από τη λίστα, αν το σύνολο δεδομένων σας αναφέρεται σε εθνικό, περιφερειακό ή τοπικό επίπεδο.","Συμπληρώστε την ημερομηνία δημιουργίας του συνόλου δεδομένων, με τη μορφή ΗΗ/ΜΜ/EΕΕΕ (ημέρα/μήνας/έτος). \n\nΣε περίπτωση άγνοιας των ημερών ή μηνών συμπληρώστε τον 1ο μήνα του έτους δημιουργίας, ή την πρώτη ημέρα του μήνα δημιουργίας.\n\nΑν δεν γνωρίζετε, αφήστε το κελί κενό.","Συμπληρώστε το χρονικό διάστημα ισχύος του συνόλου δεδομένων ή το χρονικό διάστημα στο οποίο αναφέρεται. Μπορεί να είναι μεμονωμένη ημερομηνία, χρονικό διάστημα με ημερομηνία έναρξης και λήξης χωρισμένα με παύλα, ή συνδυασμός μεμονωμένων ημ/νιών και χρονικών διαστημάτων χωρισμένα με  με το σύμβολο \";\"και αλλάζοντας σειρά στο ίδιο κελί πατώντας ταυτόχρονα ALT και ENTER. \n\nΟι ημερομηνίες έχουν τη μορφή ΗΗ/ΜΜ/EΕΕΕ (ημέρα/μήνας/έτος).","Επιλέξτε από τη λίστα. \n\nΑν δεν γνωρίζετε, αφήστε το κελί κενό.","Επιλέξτε από τη λίστα Ναι/Όχι, εάν το σύνολο δεδομένων περιέχει ευαίσθητα δεδομένα για είδη.","Επιλέξτε από τη λίστα Ναι/Όχι, εάν το σύνολο δεδομένων περιέχει προσωπικά δεδομένα.","Επιλέξτε από τη λίστα.","Επιλέξτε από τη λίστα.","Επιλέξτε από τη λίστα.","Επιλέξτε από τη λίστα, αν το σύνολο δεδομένων διατίθεται διαδικτυακά, ή τηρείται σε κάποιο γραφείο.","Συμπληρώστε τον διακριτικό τίτλο της ιστοσελίδας (εφόσον υπάρχει) όπου μπορεί κανείς να έχει πρόσβαση στο σύνολο δεδομένων ή να βρει πληροφορίες για αυτό.","Συμπληρώστε τον σύνδεσμο (URL) προς το σύνολο δεδομένων ή την ιστοσελίδα όπου μπορεί κανείς να βρει πληροφορίες για αυτό.","Έχετε πρόθεση να διαθέσετε το σύνολο δεδομένων (ολόκληρο ή μέρος αυτού) στο πληροφοριακό σύστημα για τη βιοποικιλότητα που θα αναπτύξει το EL BIOS; (Ναι/Όχι)","Επιλέξτε από τη λίστα τους λόγους για τους οποίες δεν προτίθεστε να διαθέσετε τα δεδομένα σας στο ELBIOS (δυνατότητα πολλαπλών επιλογών). , Επιλέξτε από τη λίστα τους λόγους για τους οποίες δεν προτίθεστε να διαθέσετε τα δεδομένα σας στο EL BIOS (δυνατότητα πολλαπλών επιλογών). ","Συμπληρώστε το ονοματεπώνυμο του υπεύθυνου τήρησης του συνόλου δεδομένων, ή του υπεύθυνου επικοινωνίας.","Συμπληρώστε το τηλέφωνο του υπεύθυνου οργανισμού/φορέα που διατηρεί το σύνολο δεδομένων, ή το τηλέφωνο του υπεύθυνου τήρησης του συνόλου δεδομένων, ή το τηλέφωνο του υπεύθυνου επικοινωνίας.","Συμπληρώστε το email του υπεύθυνου οργανισμού/φορέα που διατηρεί το σύνολο δεδομένων, ή το email του υπεύθυνου τήρησης του συνόλου δεδομένων, ή το email του υπεύθυνου επικοινωνίας."]
["ΠΑΡΑΔΕΙΓΜΑ 1","Υπουργείο Περιβάλλοντος και Ενέργειας","Προστατευόμενες τοποθεσίες NATURA 2000 - Protected Sites – Natura 2000","Προστατευόμενες περιοχές","ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΕΥΟΜΕΝΕΣ ΠΕΡΙΟΧΕΣ: Περιοχές Ευρωπαϊκού Δικτύου Natura 2000","Περιλαμβάνει: α) Όρια Οικοτόπων Ειδικής Διατήρησης Οδηγίας 92/43. Πρόκειται για τα όρια των πολυγώνων των 244 περιοχών ειδικής διατήρησης της Οδηγίας 92/43, που περιλαμβάνονται στις περιοχές Natura 2000. Στο έργο Natura 2000 που παραλήφθηκε το 2018 περιλαμβάνονται και πρόσθετες περιοχές της Οδηγίας 92/43, που έχουν θεσμοθετηθεί αλλά εκκρεμεί και ψηφοφορία στην ΕΕ. β) Όρια Ζωνών Ειδικής Προστασίας Οδηγίας 2009/147. Πρόκειται για τα όρια των πολυγώνων των 202 ζωνών ειδικής προστασίας της Οδηγίας 2009/147/ΕΚ για την άγρια πτηνοπανίδα που περιλαμβάνονται στις περιοχές Natura 2000. Στο έργο που παραλήφθηκε το 2018 περιλαμβάνονται και νέες περιοχές της Οδηγίας που έχουν θεσμοθετηθεί με ΦΕΚ. Πρόκειται για πολυγωνικό αρχείο το οποίο επικαιροποιήθηκε από την ΕΚΧΑ με την ενημέρωση της υπάρχουσας βάσης δεδομένων (καταγραφή 1999-2001), με βάση τις έγχρωμες ορθοφωτογραφίες μεγάλης ακρίβειας (LSO) και κλίμακας 1:5000 της ΕΚΧΑ ΑΕ, και εργασίες πεδίου (δειγματοληψίες).","Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση, Εθνικοί πόροι","Όχι","Ψηφιακή","Εθνικά δεδομένα Κοινοτικών και Διεθνών υποχρεώσεων και συμφωνιών (national reports), Γεωχωρικά δεδομένα (geospatial data), Μεταδεδομένα (metadata)","Γεωγραφικό αρχείο (Διανυσματικό αρχείο - vector), Υπηρεσία θέασης γεωχωρικών δεδομένων, Μεταδεδομένα γεωχωρικών δεδομένων","WMS, WFS (shp, kml, gml, json)","Ναι","Ελληνική","Εθνικό","2017-01-01",null,"Κάθε 2 χρόνια","Όχι","Όχι","Ανοιχτή πρόσβαση","Διάθεση μέσω αδειοδότησης","Αναφορά Δημιουργού - Παρόμοια Διανομή 4.0 Διεθνές","Διαδίκτυο","Γεωπύλη ΥΠΕΝ","http://geoportal.ypen.gr/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/c140c8d2-3820-4847-bfdc-1d6668d66325","Ναι",null,"Υπουργείο Περιβάλλοντος και Ενέργειας",2131513000,"eygep.support@prv.ypeka.gr "]
["ΠΑΡΑΔΕΙΓΜΑ 2","Υπουργείο Περιβάλλοντος και Ενέργειας","Βάση δεδομένων των περιοχών του Ευρωπαϊκού Οικολογικού Δικτύου 2000 στην Ελλάδα","Προστατευόμενες περιοχές","ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΕΥΟΜΕΝΕΣ ΠΕΡΙΟΧΕΣ: Περιοχές Ευρωπαϊκού Δικτύου Natura 2000, ΒΛΑΣΤΗΣΗ: Τύποι οικοτόπων, ΕΙΔΗ Χλωρίδας, ΕΙΔΗ Πανίδας, ΑΠΕΙΛΕΣ/ΠΙΕΣΕΙΣ","Βάση δεδομένων των περιοχών του Ευρωπαϊκού Οικολογικού Δικτύου 2000 στην Ελλάδα. Περιλαμβάνονται όλοι οι τόποι του Δικτύου Natura 2000, στοιχεία για τον βαθμό διατήρησης και τις πιέσεις και απειλές κάθε τόπου, καθώς και πληροφορίες για τους τύπους οικοτόπων και τα είδη που ενδιαιτούν σε κάθε τόπο.","Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση, Εθνικοί πόροι","Όχι","Ψηφιακή","Εθνικά δεδομένα Κοινοτικών και Διεθνών υποχρεώσεων και συμφωνιών (national reports)","Βάση δεδομένων","MS Access (accdb)","Όχι","Αγγλική","Εθνικό","2020-08-10",null,"Κάθε 2 χρόνια","Όχι","Όχι","Ανοιχτή πρόσβαση","Ελεύθερη διάθεση /χρήση","Άγνωστη","Διαδίκτυο","Ιστοσελίδα ΥΠΕΝ","https://ypen.gov.gr/perivallon/viopoikilotita/diktyo-natura-2000/","Ναι",null,"Υπουργείο Περιβάλλοντος και Ενέργειας",2131513000,"info@ypen.gov.gr"]
["ΠΑΡΑΔΕΙΓΜΑ 3","Μουσείο Γουλανδρή Φυσικής Ιστορίας - Ελληνικό Κέντρο Βιοτόπων/Υγροτόπων (ΕΚΒΥ)","Αποτύπωση θέσης υγροτόπων της Αττικής","Οικοσυστήματα","Άλλο (προσδιορίστε στο πεδίο \"ΣΥΝΤΟΜΗ ΠΕΡΙΓΡΑΦΗ ΣΥΝΟΛΟΥ ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΩΝ\")","Αξιοποιώντας υπάρχουσες πηγές και τηλεπισκοπικά δεδομένα, συντάχθηκε απογραφικός κατάλογος 48 υγροτόπων που διατηρούνται στην ηπειρωτική επικράτεια της Περιφέρειας Αττικής. Στο σημειακό γεωχωρικό αρχείο αποδίδεται το κεντροειδές αυτών. Το γεωχωρικό αρχείο δημιουργήθηκε από το Ελληνικό Κέντρο Βιοτόπων- Υγροτόπων (ΕΚΒΥ) στο πλαίσιο της Πράξης «Αύξηση της γνώσης και της ευαισθητοποίησης σχετικά με την ανασύσταση και αποκατάσταση των υγροτόπων της Αττικής» με δικαιούχο την Περιφέρεια Αττικής. Η Πράξη συγχρηματοδοτήθηκε από τον ΧΜ ΕΟΧ 2009-2014 και το Εθνικό Πρόγραμμα Δημοσίων Επενδύσεων. ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑ GR02 – Ολοκληρωμένη Διαχείριση Θαλάσσιων και Εσωτερικών Υδάτων. Ειδικός στόχος: Καλή περιβαλλοντική κατάσταση στα ευρωπαϊκά Θαλάσσια και εσωτερικά ύδατα. Περισσότερες πληροφορίες μπορούν να αναζητηθούν στο δικτυακό τόπο για τους ελληνικούς υγροτόπους http://greekwetlands.biodiversity-info.gr/. ","Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση, Εθνικοί πόροι","Όχι","Ψηφιακή","Δεδομένα απογραφής (inventory data), Γεωχωρικά δεδομένα (geospatial data), Μεταδεδομένα (metadata)","Γεωγραφικό αρχείο (Διανυσματικό αρχείο - vector), Υπηρεσία θέασης γεωχωρικών δεδομένων, Μεταδεδομένα γεωχωρικών δεδομένων","shp, gml, kml, WMS, WFS, xml,κλπ","Ναι","Ελληνική","Περιφερειακό","2017-03-30","01/05/2016 - 30/03/2017","Ακαθόριστος / Αναλόγως των διαθέσιμων πόρων","Όχι","Όχι","Ανοιχτή πρόσβαση","Διάθεση μέσω αδειοδότησης","Αναφορά Δημιουργού 4.0 Διεθνές","Διαδίκτυο","1. Γεωγραφικό αποθετήριο ΕΚΒΥ\n2. Κατάλογος γεωχωρικών δεδομένων ΕΚΒΥ","http://ekbygis.biodiversity-info.gr/geoserver\nhttp://ekbygis.biodiversity-info.gr/geonetwork/","Ναι",null,"Ελένη Φυτώκα",2310473320,"ekby@ekby.gr"]
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{"sheet":"Λίστες καθορισμένων τιμών","index":2,"n_rows":45,"n_cols":17,"rows_kept":45,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["ΘΕΜΑ ΣΥΝΟΛΟΥ ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΩΝ","ΠΕΡΙΕΧΟΜΕΝO ΣΥΝΟΛΟΥ ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΩΝ","ΧΡΗΜΑΤΟΔΟΤΗΣΗ","ΜΟΡΦΗ ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΩΝ","ΚΑΤΗΓΟΡΙΑ ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΩΝ","ΤΥΠΟΣ ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΩΝ","ΜΕΤΑΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΑ","ΓΕΩΓΡΑΦΙΚΟ ΕΠΙΠΕΔΟ","ΡΥΘΜΟΣ ΑΝΑΝΕΩΣΗΣ ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΩΝ","ΕΜΠΕΡΙΕΧΟΝΤΑΙ ΕΥΑΙΣΘΗΤΑ ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΑ;","ΕΜΠΕΡΙΕΧΟΝΤΑΙ ΠΡΟΣΩΠΙΚΑ ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΑ;","ΠΡΟΣΒΑΣΗ","ΔΙΑΘΕΣΗ/ΧΡΗΣΗ","ΑΔΕΙΑ ΔΙΑΘΕΣΗΣ/ΧΡΗΣΗΣ","ΧΩΡΟΣ ΔΙΑΘΕΣΗΣ","ΠΡΟΘΕΣΗ ΔΙΑΘΕΣΗΣ ΣΥΝΟΛΟΥ ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΩΝ ΣΤΟ EL BIOS","ΛΟΓΟΙ ΜΗ ΠΡΟΘΕΣΗΣ ΔΙΑΘΕΣΗΣ ΣΤΟ EL BIOS"]
["Βλάστηση","ΒΛΑΣΤΗΣΗ: Τύποι οικοτόπων","Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση","Ψηφιακή","Κατάλογοι ειδών / τύπων οικοτόπων (checklist data)","Βάση δεδομένων","Ναι","Εθνικό","Συνεχής ανανέωση","Ναι","Ναι","Ανοιχτή πρόσβαση","Ελεύθερη διάθεση /χρήση","Public domain","Διαδίκτυο","Ναι","Περιέχουν ευαίσθητα δεδομένα για είδη"]
["Είδη","ΒΛΑΣΤΗΣΗ: Φυτοκοινωνιολογικές μονάδες","Διεθνείς οργανισμοί","Αναλογική (έντυπη)","Δεδομένα παρουσίας ειδών / τύπων οικοτόπων (occurrence data)","Αρχείο πίνακα","Όχι","Περιφερειακό","Εβδομαδιαίος","Όχι","Όχι","Κλειστή πρόσβαση","Διάθεση μέσω αδειοδότησης","CC0 - No Rights Reserved","Γραφείο","Όχι","Έχουν εμπορική αξία"]
["Κάλυψη/χρήσεις γης","ΒΛΑΣΤΗΣΗ: Άλλο","Εθνικοί πόροι",null,"Δεδομένα εξάπλωσης  ειδών / τύπων οικοτόπων (distribution data)","Αρχείο κειμένου",null,"Τοπικό","Μηνιαίος",null,null,"Δεν έχουν προσδιοριστεί όροι πρόσβασης","Ισχύουν τέλη","Αναφορά Δημιουργού 4.0 Διεθνές",null,null,"Ενδέχεται να υποστούν κακή χρήση ή παρερμηνεία"]
["Οικοσυστήματα","ΕΙΔΗ Χλωρίδας","Ιδιωτικά κονδύλια",null,"Άλλα δεδομένα πεδίου για είδη / τύπους οικοτόπων (sampling-event data)","Γεωγραφικό αρχείο (Διανυσματικό αρχείο - vector)",null,null,"Ετήσιος",null,null,"Άγνωστο","Ισχύουν όροι","Αναφορά Δημιουργού-Μη Εμπορική Χρήση 4.0 Διεθνές",null,null,"Σκοπεύω να τα χρησιμοποιήσω ο ίδιος για ερευνητικές δημοσιεύσεις πριν τα διαθέσω σε τρίτους"]
["Οικοσυστημικές υπηρεσίες","ΕΙΔΗ Πανίδας",null,null,"Δεδομένα απογραφής (inventory data)","Υπηρεσία θέασης γεωχωρικών δεδομένων",null,null,"Κάθε 2 χρόνια",null,null,null,"Δεν έχουν προσδιοριστεί όροι διάθεσης/χρήσης","Αναφορά Δημιουργού-Όχι Παράγωγα Έργα 4.0 Διεθνές",null,null,"Δεν γνωρίζω με ποιον τρόπο θα μπορούσα να τα διαθέσω (θέματα αδειοδότησης)"]
["Προστατευόμενες περιοχές","ΕΙΔΗ Πανίδας: Θηλαστικά",null,null,"Συνθετικά / επεξεργασμένα δεδομένα (compiled/derived data)","Γεωγραφικό αρχείο (Ψηφιδωτό αρχείο - raster)",null,null,"Κάθε 3 χρόνια",null,null,null,"Δεν διατίθεται (restricted by copyright laws)","Αναφορά Δημιουργού-Μη Εμπορική Χρήση-Όχι Παράγωγα Έργα 4.0 Διεθνές",null,null,"Δεν το επιτρέπει το ισχύον νομικό πλαίσιο του ιδρύματος/οργανισμού στο οποίο εργάζομαι"]
["Απειλές / Πιέσεις","ΕΙΔΗ Πανίδας: Ερπετά",null,null,"Δεδομένα προσομοίωσης (simulation data)","Ορθοεικόνα",null,null,"Κάθε 4 χρόνια",null,null,null,"Άγνωστο","Αναφορά Δημιουργού - Παρόμοια Διανομή 4.0 Διεθνές",null,null,"Δεν το επιτρέπει ο χρηματοδότης του έργου, στο πλαίσιο του οποίοι παρήχθησαν τα δεδομένα"]
["Δείκτες","ΕΙΔΗ Πανίδας: Αμφίβια",null,null,"Εθνικά δεδομένα Κοινοτικών και Διεθνών υποχρεώσεων και συμφωνιών (national reports)","Δορυφορική εικόνα",null,null,"Κάθε 5 χρόνια",null,null,null,null,"Αναφορά Δημιουργού - Μη Εμπορική Χρήση - Παρόμοια Διανομή 4.0 Διεθνές",null,null,"Δεν έχω τις δεξιότητες για να συμμορφώσω τα δεδομένα με κάποια πρότυπα ή προδιαγραφές, να τα ομογενοποιήσω ή να τα τεκμηριώσω με μεταδεδομένα"]
["Άλλο","ΕΙΔΗ Πανίδας: Ασπόνδυλα",null,null,"Γεωχωρικά δεδομένα (geospatial data)","Μεταδεδομένα αρχείων",null,null,"Κάθε 6 χρόνια",null,null,null,null,"Ισχύουν τέλη",null,null,"Δεν έχω τον χρόνο για να συμμορφώσω τα δεδομένα με κάποια πρότυπα ή προδιαγραφές, να τα ομογενοποιήσω ή να τα τεκμηριώσω με μεταδεδομένα"]
[null,"ΕΙΔΗ Πανίδας: Ιχθυοπανίδα",null,null,"Μεταδεδομένα (metadata)","Μεταδεδομένα γεωχωρικών δεδομένων",null,null,"Πάνω από εξαετία",null,null,null,null,"Ισχύουν όροι",null,null,"Άλλο"]
[null,"ΕΙΔΗ Πανίδας: Πουλιά",null,null,"Άλλο (προσδιορίστε στο πεδίο \"ΣΥΝΤΟΜΗ ΠΕΡΙΓΡΑΦΗ ΣΥΝΟΛΟΥ ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΩΝ\")","Άλλο (προσδιορίστε στο πεδίο \"ΣΥΝΤΟΜΗ ΠΕΡΙΓΡΑΦΗ ΣΥΝΟΛΟΥ ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΩΝ\")",null,null,"Ακαθόριστος / Αναλόγως των διαθέσιμων πόρων",null,null,null,null,"Δεν έχουν προσδιοριστεί όροι διάθεσης/χρήσης"]
[null,"ΕΙΔΗ: Μύκητες",null,null,null,null,null,null,"Δεν ανανεώνονται",null,null,null,null,"Δεν διατίθεται (restricted by copyright laws)"]
[null,"ΕΙΔΗ: Μικροοργανισμοί",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,"Άγνωστη"]
[null,"ΚΑΛΥΨΗ/ΧΡΗΣΕΙΣ ΓΗΣ: Αστικές εκτάσεις"]
[null,"ΚΑΛΥΨΗ/ΧΡΗΣΕΙΣ ΓΗΣ: Αγροτικές εκτάσεις"]
[null,"ΚΑΛΥΨΗ/ΧΡΗΣΕΙΣ ΓΗΣ: Δάση και ημιφυσικές περιοχές"]
[null,"ΚΑΛΥΨΗ/ΧΡΗΣΕΙΣ ΓΗΣ: Υγρότοποι"]
[null,"ΚΑΛΥΨΗ/ΧΡΗΣΕΙΣ ΓΗΣ: Υδάτινα σώματα"]
[null,"ΟΙΚΟΣΥΣΤΗΜΑΤΑ: Χερσαία (αστικά, καλλιέργειες, λιβάδια, δάση, ερεικώνες-θαμνώνες, εκτάσεις με αραιή βλάστηση, υγρότοποι)"]
[null,"ΟΙΚΟΣΥΣΤΗΜΑΤΑ: Γλυκά ύδατα (ποτάμια και λίμνες)"]
[null,"ΟΙΚΟΣΥΣΤΗΜΑΤΑ: Θαλάσσια - Παράκτια (όρμοι και μεταβατικά ύδατα, παράκτια, ύφαλοι, πέλαγος-ωκεανός)"]
[null,"ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΕΥΟΜΕΝΕΣ ΠΕΡΙΟΧΕΣ: Εθνικά προστατευόμενες περιοχές"]
[null,"ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΕΥΟΜΕΝΕΣ ΠΕΡΙΟΧΕΣ: Περιοχές Ευρωπαϊκού Δικτύου Natura 2000"]
[null,"ΠΡΟΣΤΑΤΕΥΟΜΕΝΕΣ ΠΕΡΙΟΧΕΣ: Διεθνώς προστατευόμενες περιοχές"]
[null,"ΟΙΚΟΣΥΣΤΗΜΙΚΕΣ ΥΠΗΡΕΣΙΕΣ"]
[null,"ΟΙΚΟΣΥΣΤΗΜΙΚΕΣ ΥΠΗΡΕΣΙΕΣ: Προμηθευτικές"]
[null,"ΟΙΚΟΣΥΣΤΗΜΙΚΕΣ ΥΠΗΡΕΣΙΕΣ: Ρυθμιστικές και διατήρησης"]
[null,"ΟΙΚΟΣΥΣΤΗΜΙΚΕΣ ΥΠΗΡΕΣΙΕΣ: Πολιτιστικές"]
[null,"ΑΠΕΙΛΕΣ/ΠΙΕΣΕΙΣ"]
[null,"ΑΠΕΙΛΕΣ/ΠΙΕΣΕΙΣ: Γεωργία, Δασοπονία (A, B) "]
[null,"ΑΠΕΙΛΕΣ/ΠΙΕΣΕΙΣ: Εξόρυξη πόρων, Παραγωγή ενέργειας (C, D) "]
[null,"ΑΠΕΙΛΕΣ/ΠΙΕΣΕΙΣ: Ανάπτυξη και λειτουργία συστημάτων μεταφοράς (Ε)"]
[null,"ΑΠΕΙΛΕΣ/ΠΙΕΣΕΙΣ: Αστικοποίηση, οικιστική και εμπορική ανάπτυξη (F)"]
[null,"ΑΠΕΙΛΕΣ/ΠΙΕΣΕΙΣ: Εξόρυξη/καλλιέργεια βιολογικών πόρων και άλλες ανθρωπογενείς διαταραχές (G, H)"]
[null,"ΑΠΕΙΛΕΣ/ΠΙΕΣΕΙΣ: Ξενικά ή άλλα προβληματικά είδη (I)"]
[null,"ΑΠΕΙΛΕΣ/ΠΙΕΣΕΙΣ: Ρύπανση (J)"]
[null,"ΑΠΕΙΛΕΣ/ΠΙΕΣΕΙΣ: Ανθρωπογενείς μεταβολές στα υδατικά συστήματα (K)"]
[null,"ΑΠΕΙΛΕΣ/ΠΙΕΣΕΙΣ: Φυσικές διεργασίες, Φυσικές καταστροφές, Κλιματική Αλλαγή (L, M, N) "]
[null,"ΑΠΕΙΛΕΣ/ΠΙΕΣΕΙΣ: Άγνωστες πιέσεις, καθόλου πιέσεις και πιέσεις εκτός του Kράτους Mέλους (Χ)"]
[null,"ΔΕΙΚΤΕΣ"]
[null,"ΔΕΙΚΤΕΣ: Δείκτες πιέσεων (pressure indicators)"]
[null,"ΔΕΙΚΤΕΣ: Δείκτες αποκρίσεων (response indicators)"]
[null,"ΔΕΙΚΤΕΣ: Δείκτες κατάστασης (state indicators)"]
[null,"Άλλο (προσδιορίστε στο πεδίο \"ΣΥΝΤΟΜΗ ΠΕΡΙΓΡΑΦΗ ΣΥΝΟΛΟΥ ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΩΝ\")"]

{"sheet":"Πιέσεις-Απειλές από Οδηγίες","index":3,"n_rows":236,"n_cols":9,"rows_kept":236,"cut":false,"hidden":false,"merged":[]}
["Code",null,"Pressure/threat","Description","Notes on use of pressure\n\n\n","corresponding MSFD activity (code)","corresponding MSFD pressures (code)","corresponding WFD pressure (main driver, if needed)","last updated"]
["A","A","Agriculture"]
["A01","A","Conversion into agricultural land (excluding drainage and burning)","Conversion of natural and semi-natural non-agricultural habitats (e.g. semi-natural forests) and non-agricultural habitats of  species targeted by the nature directives into agricultural land (e.g. pastures, meadows, arable fields).\n\nThis pressure does not relate only to land use changes that occurred during the reporting period but it refers to instances where continuing the agricultural use of originally non-agricultural habitat prevent the latter from being restored (e.g. in case of land use conflicts between agriculture and nature conservation).","Excludes: \n-hydrological changes like drainage which should be reported as A31 \n-burning in order to transform a land for agricultural use (e.g. creating pasture), which should be reported as A11\n-conversion into areas of agricultural production of renewable energy stocks which should be reported as A35. \n","Agriculture (ActivCultivAgri)\n\n","Physical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed);\nChanges to hydrological conditions (PresPhyHydroCond)","4.3.1 - Hydrological alteration – Agriculture "]
["A02","A","Conversion from one type of agricultural land use to another (excluding drainage and burning)","Conversion of agricultural habitats into other types of agricultural habitats. This pressure often refers to conversion of semi-natural agricultural habitats (e.g. meadows) into intensive production areas (e.g. sawn grasslands or arable fields) but it also includes more subtle changes, mostly of habitat conditions (e.g. change of crops or a move from spring-sown to autumn/winter-sown cereals causing denser/taller crop structure earlier in the nesting season or earlier harvesting) or other types of conversion (e.g. rice paddies into other types of culture).\n\nThis pressure does not relate only to land use changes that occurred during the reporting period but it refers to instances where continuing the current agricultural use of a habitat prevent the latter from being restored (e.g. in cases of land use conflicts between agriculture and nature conservation).","Excludes: \n-hydrological changes like drainage which should be reported as A31 \n-burning in order to transform a land for agricultural use (e.g. creating pasture), which should be reported as A11.  \n-changes from food production into the production of renewable energy stocks which should be reported as A35. \n-large scale changes of agricultural systems (A03) \n-changes linked more to the changes in management practices like changing meadows into pastures (which should be reported as A09 or A10) \n-change from extensive arable production into intensive (which should be reported using respective codes  for example A15, A16, A18, A20, A21)","Agriculture (ActivCultivAgri)\n\n","Physical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed);\nChanges to hydrological conditions (PresPhyHydroCond)","4.3.1 - Hydrological alteration – Agriculture "]
["A03","A","Conversion from mixed farming and agroforestry systems to specialised (e.g. single crop) production","Large scale changes (affecting the habitat at landscape level or landscape functions like connectivity or nutrient cycling) of agricultural systems from traditional mixed or diversified farming and agroforestry into intensive specialised farming (e.g. single crop). ","This pressure relates to large scale changes of agricultural systems, small scale conversions or changes (e.g. at a level of a single parcel) should be reported under respective codes (e.g. A02 or A05)"]
["A04","A","Changes in terrain and surface of agricultural areas","Changes in terrain and surface of agricultural areas due to, for example, restructuring of slopes, terracing, levelling, rock crushing or other changes of terrain to, for example, facilitate the use of machinery or manage runoff of rain water or to prepare new terrains for agricultural production."]
["A05","A","Removal of small landscape features for agricultural land parcel consolidation (hedges, stone walls, rushes, open ditches, springs, solitary trees, etc.)","Removal of single landscape features or small scale parcel consolidation (e.g. removal of hedges between two existing arable fields, to facilitate use of farm machinery).","For large scale changes (e.g. consolidation of parcels or removal of small features due to the conversion of a mixed farm into an (intensive) arable farm) use A03",null,null,"2.2 - Diffuse Agricultural"]
["A06","A","Abandonment of grassland management (e.g. cessation of grazing or mowing)","Abandonment of traditional agricultural practices in grasslands such as cessation of mowing or abandonment of traditional pastoral systems like itinerant grazing in mountain areas. "]
["A07","A","Abandonment of management/use of other agricultural and agroforestry systems (all except grassland)","Abandonment of traditional management systems or use of other agricultural systems (excluding grasslands), such as the abandonment of traditional farming, abandonment of mowing, grazing and other traditional uses of fens, mires, heathland or agroforestry habitats. ","Excludes abandonment of burning (A12) \n"]
["A08","A","Mowing or cutting of grasslands","Inappropriate techniques or timing of mowing,  for example mowing at inappropriate times, mowing with too high a frequency, using machinery or inadequate machinery for mowing of grasslands or leaving dead material after mowing on the ground (mulching). "]
["A09","A","Intensive grazing or overgrazing by livestock","Intensive grazing or overgrazing by livestock in agricultural and agroforestry habitats (e.g. pastures, meadows, pastured forests) where grazing causes damage to vegetation or soil (e.g. trampling, nitrogen input) or where livestock presents a disturbance or a competitor for species targeted by the nature directives.  Includes intensive grazing in other habitats in agricultural landscapes (riparian areas, bogs, scrubs and forests) where grazing causes damage to vegetation or habitats."]
["A10","A","Extensive grazing or undergrazing by livestock","Insufficient grazing or undergrazing that causes, for example, changes in species composition, or extensive grazing in inappropriate habitats like meadows or bogs."]
["A11","A","Burning for agriculture","Burning as an agricultural practice, for example, to create a pasture, or burning agricultural waste like crop stubble."," Excludes: \n-accidental fires which should be reported under H08 \n-arson  (H04)"]
["A12","A","Suppression of fire for agriculture","Suppression or lack of controlled burning used as a traditional management practice e.g. of heaths in wet and cold regions of Europe."]
["A13","A","Reseeding of grasslands and other semi-natural habitats","Reseeding of grasslands and other semi-natural habitats."]
["A14","A","Livestock farming (without grazing)","Other activities, except grazing, related to livestock farming, like animal breeding (e.g. causing point or diffuse pollution), livestock feeding or use of veterinary drugs  (e.g. causing increased mortality of scavengers like vultures as a consequence of 'incidental poisoning' following the consumption of  livestock carcasses treated with veterinary drugs). Includes abandonment of traditional processes related to livestock (e.g.  closure of traditional livestock carcass dumps causing loss of food resources for vultures).","Excludes:\n-grazing or overgrazing by livestock which should be reported under A09  \n-other activities indirectly related to livestock farming  (like activities related livestock food production  which should be reported under respective codes, for example A08 for moving, A01 or A02 for conversion into production fields for livestock feeding).\n",null,null,"1.9 - Point – Other \n3.1 – Abstraction or flow diversion – Agriculture"]
["A15","A","Tillage practices (e.g. ploughing) in agriculture","Inappropriate techniques or timing of tillage,  for example, ploughing at inappropriate times, using inadequate machinery for ploughing or the inappropriate use of tillage (e.g. tillage in grasslands)."]
["A16","A","Other soil management practices in agriculture","Inappropriate use of soil management practices in agriculture or inappropriate techniques/timing of soil management other than tillage."]
["A17","A","Harvesting of crops and cutting of croplands","Inappropriate techniques and timing of harvesting, for example, use of machinery for harvesting, use of inadequate machinery for harvesting  (e.g. more efficient machinery may reduce the amount of unharvested/spilt grain available as food)  or inappropriate harvesting periods (e.g. harvesting too early in season, harvesting during the night). Includes the cutting of vegetation along the edges of fields. ","Excludes mowing and cutting of grasslands  (A08)"]
["A18","A","Irrigation of agricultural land","Input of water into semi-natural or extensive agricultural habitats (e.g. irrigation of olive orchards) possibly leading  to changes in species composition or increased production. Includes the installation of irrigation infrastructure.","Excludes:\n-water abstraction (which should be reported under A30) \n-development and operation of dams for irrigation (A32)\n-other hydrological modifications of water bodies for irrigation (A33)\n-conversion of non-agricultural or extensive agricultural habitats into other types of agricultural land use enabled or facilitated by irrigation",null,null,"6.1 – Groundwater – Recharges (Agriculture)"]
["A19","A","Application of natural fertilisers on agricultural land","Use, application, treatment and stocking of natural fertilisers (e.g. manure, slurry) for agricultural production.",null,"Agriculture (ActivCultivAgri)\n\n\n","Substances, litter and energy:\nInput of nutrients - diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition (PresInputNut)","2.2 - Diffuse Agricultural"]
["A20","A","Application of synthetic (mineral) fertilisers on agricultural land","Use, application, treatment and stocking of synthetic fertilisers for agricultural production.","This pressure should be used also where the source (natural (A19) versus artificial (A20)) is unknown.","Agriculture (ActivCultivAgri)\n\n","Substances, litter and energy:\nInput of nutrients - diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition (PresInputNut)","2.2 - Diffuse Agricultural"]
["A21","A","Use of plant protection chemicals in agriculture","Use of plant protection chemicals in agriculture (e.g. pesticides, fungicides, growth retardants, hormones, seed coatings etc.).",null,"Agriculture (ActivCultivAgri)\n\n","Substances, litter and energy:\nInput of other substances (e.g. synthetic substances, non-synthetic substances, radionuclides) — diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition, acute events (PresInputCont)","2.2 - Diffuse Agricultural"]
["A22","A","Use of physical plant protection in agriculture","Use of physical plant protection in agriculture (e.g. weed picking or netting/cages for fruit ).","Excludes tillage which should be reported as A15 "]
["A23","A","Use of other pest control methods in agriculture (excluding tillage)","Use of other pest control methods in agriculture (e.g. biocontrol)"]
["A24","A","Waste management practices in agriculture","Management of waste in agriculture (e.g. temporary holding of solutions like manure storage ponds/lagoons or deposition of waste).","Excludes:\n-temporary holding of manure or equivalent products before application as fertilisers which should be reported under A19   \n-burning stubble in fields A11",null,null,"1.9 – Point – Other\n2.2 – Diffuse Agricultural "]
["A25","A","Agricultural activities generating point source pollution to surface or ground waters","This pressure addresses point source water pollution resulting from activities which cannot be directly attributed to specific activities covered by other level 2 pressures (e.g. point pollution from an animal farm should be reported as A14 Livestock farming (without grazing)).","Excludes: \n-marine pollution which should be reported as A28  \n-atmospheric deposition from agricultural sources which should be reported as A27 \n",null,null,"1.9 – Point – Other"]
["A26","A","Agricultural activities generating diffuse pollution to surface or ground waters","This pressure addresses diffuse water pollution resulting from activities which cannot be directly attributed to specific activities covered by other level 2 pressures (e.g. diffuse pollution due to  the application of fertilisers or plant protection chemicals should be reported under respective activities A20 Application of synthetic (mineral) fertilisers on agricultural land or A21 Use of plant protection chemicals in agriculture).",null,null,null,"2.2 - Diffuse Agricultural"]
["A27","A","Agricultural activities generating air pollution","This pressure addresses air pollution resulting from agricultural activities and agricultural land use.",null,"Agriculture (ActivCultivAgri)\n\n\n\n","Substances, litter and energy:\nInput of nutrients - diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition (PresInputNut); ","2.7 Diffuse - Atmospheric deposition (Agriculture)"]
["A28","A","Agricultural activities generating marine pollution","This pressure addresses point  or diffuse source marine pollution resulting from activities which cannot be directly attributed to specific activities covered by other level 2 pressures (e.g. diffuse pollution due to  application of fertilisers or plant protection chemicals should be reported under respective activities A20 Application of synthetic (mineral) fertilisers on agricultural land or A21 Use of plant protection chemicals in agriculture).",null,"Agriculture (ActivCultivAgri)\n\n\n\n","Substances, litter and energy:\nInput of nutrients - diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition (PresInputNut); \nInput of other substances (e.g. synthetic substances, non-synthetic substances, radionuclides) — diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition, acute events (PresInputCont)"]
["A29","A","Agricultural activities generating soil pollution","This pressure should be used to address the pollution resulting from activities which cannot be directly attributed to specific activities covered by other level 2 pressures (e.g. diffuse pollution due to  application of fertilisers or plant protection chemicals should be reported under respective activities A20 Application of synthetic (mineral) fertilisers on agricultural land or A21 Use of plant protection chemicals in agriculture). "]
["A30","A","Active abstractions from groundwater, surface water or mixed water for agriculture","Abstraction of water for use in agriculture e.g. for irrigation or in large scale animal breeding.","Excludes: \n-changes of ecological conditions due to irrigation in irrigated habitats (A18)\n-water abstraction aimed at draining of natural or semi-natural habitats for the use as agricultural land (A31)\n-hydrological modifications such as canalisation or dams facilitating water abstraction (A33, A32). ","Agriculture (ActivCultivAgri);\nExtraction of water (ActivExtrNonLivingWater)\n\n\n","Physical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed);\nChanges to hydrological conditions (PresPhyHydroCond)","3.1 – Abstraction or flow diversion – Agriculture"]
["A31","A","Drainage for use as agricultural land","Activities like water abstraction, hydrological modifications, canalisation aimed at draining natural or semi-natural habitats for the use as agricultural land (e.g. drainage of wetlands for agriculture).",null,null,null,"4.1.2  –  Physical  alteration   of  channel/bed/riparian area/shore  – Agriculture\n4.3.1 – Hydrological alteration – Agriculture "]
["A32","A","Development and operation of dams for agriculture","Development and operation of dams for agriculture (e.g. for irrigation).",null,"Agriculture (ActivCultivAgri)\n\n","Physical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed);\nChanges to hydrological conditions (PresPhyHydroCond)","4.2.4 – Dams, barriers and locks – Irrigation – Agirculture"]
["A33","A","Modification of hydrological flow or physical alteration of water bodies for agriculture (excluding development and operation of dams)","Activities modifying  physical structure or hydrological functioning of water bodies triggered by agricultural production (e.g. altering of flooding regimes, altering regimes of rivers to keep sufficient water supply for irrigation, cleaning irrigation canals, canalisation of rivers and cutting of the oxbow lakes).",null,"Agriculture (ActivCultivAgri)\n\n","Physical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed);\nChanges to hydrological conditions (PresPhyHydroCond)","4.1.2 – Physical alteration of channel/bed/riparian area/shore – Agriculture\n4.3.1 – Hydrological alteration – Agriculture","07.05.2018 \ncorrection of typing error in Pressure/Threat field"]
["A34","A","Introduction and spread of new crops (including GMOs)","Introduction and/or spread of new crops (e.g. crops producing pollen toxic for pollinators) and GMOs."]
["A35","A","Agricultural crops for renewable energy production","Conversion of agricultural or non-agricultural habitats into areas of agricultural production of renewable energy stocks, and other pressures arising from the agricultural production of energy crops.","Excludes water abstraction for irrigation of energy crops plantations, use of plant protection techniques and use fertilisers which should be reported under A18 -A23."]
["A36","A","Agriculture activities not referred to above","Other agricultural activities not mentioned above."]
["B","B","Forestry"]
["B01","B","Conversion to forest from other land uses, or afforestation (excluding drainage)","Increase in forest area, including planting of forests on grassland or heathland, or converting shrubs into forest.\n\nThis pressure does not relate only to land use changes that occurred during the reporting period but it refers to instances where continuing the current forestry use of a natural/semi-natural habitat prevents the latter from being restored (e.g. in cases of land use conflicts between forestry and nature conservation for the restoration of some heathlands and peats, which were in the past afforested and are currently being managed and replanted as forests).","Excludes:\n-conversion into renewable energy forestry stocks plantations (B28)\n-drainage which should be reported under (B27)"]
["B02","B","Conversion to other types of forests including monocultures","Conversion of forest habitats into another type of forest habitat, often conversion from extensive forests into production forests (e.g. conversion to monocultures) but also other types of conversion (e.g. conversion from coppice to high forest or changes of tree species composition). Includes deliberate changes. Passive abandonment of traditional forest management should be reported as  B04.\n\nThis pressure does not relate only to land use changes that occurred during the reporting period but it refers to instances where continuing the current forestry use of a natural/semi-natural habitat prevent the latter from being restored (e.g. in case of land use conflicts between forestry and nature conservation).\n","Excludes:\n-planting of non-typical and non-native species (B03)\n- conversion into renewable energy forestry stocks plantation (B28) \n-drainage (B27). \n\n"]
["B03","B","Replanting with or introducing non-native or non-typical species (including new species and GMOs)","Replanting with non-native (including new tree species and genetically modified organisms) or non-typical species (i.e. native species which do not naturally occur as a part of a specific forest type or within a specific region) after forest exploitation or planting non-native or non-typical species in existing forests. ","Excludes afforestation with non-native or non-typical species, which should be reported under B01. "]
["B04","B","Abandonment of traditional forest management","Abandonment of traditional management and maintenance of secondary forest habitats such as some oak and oak-hornbeam forests, chestnut forests or lichen-pine forests."]
["B05","B","Logging without replanting or natural regrowth","Decline in forest area due to non-replanting or absence of natural regrowth after forest exploitation. ","Excludes logging activities which should be reported under respective codes (e.g. B06 for logging of individual trees or B09 for clear-cutting)."]
["B06","B","Logging (excluding clear cutting) of individual trees","Logging (of individual trees) causing damage to e.g. standing trees, forest undergrowth or soil and springs.","Excludes:\n-logging activities related to thinning of forest layer (B12)\n-removal of dead and dying trees B07 \n-removal of senescent trees or logging in old growth forests (B08)\n-clear-cutting  (B09)"]
["B07","B","Removal of dead and dying trees, including debris","Removal of dead and dying trees (e.g. to prevent forestry pests) and removal of fallen wood (e.g. for firewood collection, fire prevention or enabling access by machinery)."]
["B08","B","Removal of old trees (excluding dead or dying trees)","Targeted removal of old trees (e.g. to preserve the forest structure or to improve regeneration). Includes logging of mature trees (trees with a high potential to become old) in forests with a diverse age structure. ","Excludes \n-removal of dead and dying trees which should be reported under B07\n-damage to neighbouring trees, soil or springs (B06) "]
["B09","B","Clear-cutting, removal of all trees","Forest clearance (small to large scale removal of all trees) causing damage to forest habitat or habitats of species targeted by the nature directives, to soil or springs or other physical features.","Includes damage to forest habitat or habitats of species, to soil or springs or other physical features related to forest clearance (small to large scale).","Forestry (ActivCultivFores)\n\n","Physical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed);\nChanges to hydrological conditions (PresPhyHydroCond)","4.3.6 – Hydrological alteration – Other "]
["B10","B","Illegal logging","Illegal logging e.g. organised illegal timber extraction."]
["B11","B","Cork extraction and forest exploitation excluding logging","Forest exploitation activities (e.g. cork extraction), excluding timber logging.","Excludes:\n-collection of deadwood for fire wood (B07)\n- exploitation of non-tree species, like mushrooms or fruits (G09)"]
["B12","B","Thinning of tree layer","Removal of trees (including logging) of a certain tree layer(s) (upper or lower) in order to favour selected trees or to promote natural regeneration.  Includes damage to soil, springs, forest habitats and undergrowth due to thinning. "]
["B13","B","Burning for forestry","Burning as a forestry practice (e.g. burning waste after exploitation).","Excludes \n-accidental fires (H08)\n-arson (H04)"]
["B14","B","Suppression of fire for forestry","Suppression of forest management practices using controlled burning and fire.","Excludes management actions to reduce the risk of fire, such as undergrowth removal (B29) or removing  the dead wood (B07)"]
["B15","B","Forest management reducing old growth forests","Shortening of logging rotations or other activities like thinning aimed at earlier logging."," The direct negative impact on forest ecosystems or disturbance of species due to these activities should be reported under respective codes (e.g. B12, B09 or B06) \n"]
["B16","B","Wood transport","Construction and maintenance of logging roads and tracks (closed to public circulation), wood transport within forest (damaging forest undergrowth, soil and springs) and poor management of wood transport (e.g. leaving the felled wood in piles in forests during summer or damage to soil)."]
["B17","B","Tillage practices in forestry and other soil management practices in forestry","Using tillage or other soil management practices in forestry (e.g. preparation of soil for forest replanting)."]
["B18","B","Application of natural fertilisers","Use, application, treatment and stocking of natural fertilisers (e.g. manure, slurry) in forestry.",null,"Forestry (ActivCultivFores) \n\n\n","Substances, litter and energy:\nInput of nutrients — diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition (PresInputNut)","2.3 Diffuse – Forestry"]
["B19","B","Application of synthetic fertilisers in forestry, including liming of forest soils","Use, application, treatment and stocking of synthetic fertilisers  in forestry.",null,"\n\nForestry (ActivCultivFores) \n\n","Substances, litter and energy:\nInput of nutrients — diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition (PresInputNut)","2.3 Diffuse – Forestry"]
["B20","B","Use of plant protection chemicals in forestry","Use of plant protection chemicals in forestry (e.g. pesticides, fungicides,  pheromones or repulsives).","Includes use of plant protection chemicals in forestry (e.g. pesticides, fungicides, and pheromones)","Forestry (ActivCultivFores) \n\n\n\n","Substances, litter and energy:\nInput of other substances (e.g. synthetic substances, non-synthetic substances, radionuclides) — diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition, acute events (PresInputCont)","2.3 Diffuse – Forestry"]
["B21","B","Use of physical plant protection in forestry, excluding tree layer thinning","Use of physical or mechanical plant protection in forestry (e.g. exclosure fencing,  protective cages/sleeves around trees/saplings, cutting weeds, mulching).","Excludes:\n-thinning of tree layer(s)  (B12)\n-tillage (B17) \n"]
["B22","B","Use of other pest control methods in forestry","Use of other pest control methods in forestry (e.g. biocontrol)."]
["B23","B","Forestry activities generating pollution to surface or ground waters","This pressure addresses diffuse water pollution resulting from activities which cannot be directly attributed to specific activities covered by other level 2 pressures (e.g. diffuse pollution due to application of fertilisers or plant protection chemicals should be reported under respective activities B19, Application of synthetic fertilisers in forestry, including liming of forest soils or B21 Use of physical plant protection  in forestry, excluding tree layer thinning). ","\nExcludes:\n-marine pollution  (B25)  \n-atmospheric deposition from forestry sources  (B24) \n",null,null,"2.3 Diffuse – Forestry"]
["B24","B","Forestry activities generating air pollution","This pressure addresses air pollution resulting from forestry activities.",null,"Forestry (ActivCultivFores)\n\n","Substances, litter and energy:\nInput of nutrients - diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition (PresInputNut); \n"]
["B25","B","Forestry activities generating marine pollution","This pressure addresses marine pollution resulting from activities which cannot be directly attributed to specific activities covered by other level 2 pressures (e.g. marine pollution due to the application of fertilisers or plant protection chemicals should be reported under respective activities B19 Application of synthetic fertilisers in forestry, including liming of forest soils or B21 Use of physical plant protection  in forestry, excluding tree layer thinning). ",null,"Forestry (ActivCultivFores)\n\n","Substances, litter and energy:\nInput of nutrients - diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition (PresInputNut);\nInput of other substances (e.g. synthetic substances, non-synthetic substances, radionuclides) — diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition, acute events (PresInputCont)"]
["B26","B","Forestry activities generating soil pollution","This pressure addresses soil pollution resulting from activities which cannot be directly attributed to specific activities covered by other level 2 pressures (e.g. soil pollution due to  application of fertilisers or plant protection chemicals should be reported under respective activities B19 Application of synthetic fertilisers in forestry, including liming of forest soils or B21 Use of physical plant protection  in forestry, excluding tree layer thinning) .","This pressure should be used to address the pollution resulting from activities which cannot be directly attributed to specific activities covered by other level 2 pressures (e.g. application of fertilisers or use of plant protection chemicals)."]
["B27","B","Modification of hydrological conditions, or physical alteration of water bodies and drainage for forestry (including dams)","Activities modifying  the physical structure or hydrological functioning of water bodies triggered by forestry production and exploitation, and activities aimed at drying out the land to facilitate forestry production or exploitation (e.g. altering of flooding regimes, canalisation of rivers,  cutting of the oxbow lakes, building  draining canals).",null,"Forestry (ActivCultivFores)\n \n","Physical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed);\nChanges to hydrological conditions (PresPhyHydroCond)","3.7 – Abstraction or flow diversion – Other\n4.1.4 – Physical alteration of channel/bed/riparian area/shore – Other \n4.2.8 – Dams, barriers, and locks – Other\n4.3.6 – Hydrological alteration – Other","07.05.2018 \ncorrection of typing error in Pressure/threat name. "]
["B28","B","Forests for renewable energy production","Conversion of forest or non-forest habitats into short rotation coppices (e.g. coppices of willow, poplar or eucalyptus) or converting or maintaining existing forest as short rotation coppices/forests (e.g. chestnut forests) for biomass production and other pressures from forestry biomass production.","Does not include use of plant protection techniques and use of fertilisers which should be reported under B17 -B27. \n"]
["B29","B","Other forestry activities, excluding those relating to agro-forestry","Other forestry activities not mentioned above (e.g. example pruning)."]
["C","C","Extraction of resources (minerals, peat, non-renewable energy resources)"]
["C01","C","Extraction of minerals (e.g. rock, metal ores, gravel, sand, shell)","Extraction of rocks, gravel, sand, metal ores, loam, clay and shells from quarries, inland water bodies (lakes, river beds) and sea. ",null,"Extraction of minerals (rock, metal ores, gravel, sand, shell) (ActivExtrNonLivingMinerals)","Biological:\nDisturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence (PresBioDisturbSps);\nPhysical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed);\nPhysical loss (due to permanent change of seabed substrate or morphology and to extraction of seabed substrate) (PresPhyLoss);\nChanges to hydrological conditions (PresPhyHydroCond);\nSubstances, litter and energy:\nInput of anthropogenic sound (impulsive, continuous) (PresInputSound);","1.5 –  Point - Contaminated sites or abandoned industrial sites\n1.7–  Point - Mine waters (Industry)\n2.5–  Diffuse – Contaminated sites or abandoned industrial sites\n2.8 –  Diffuse – Mining (Industry)\n6.1 – Groundwater recharges (Industry)"]
["C02","C","Extraction of salt","Extraction of salt from quarries and saltpans.",null,"Extraction of salt (ActivExtrNonLivingSalt)","Physical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed);\nChanges to hydrological conditions (PresPhyHydroCond)",null,"15.02.2018\ncorresponding MSFD pressures added (PresPhyDisturbSeabed), (PresPhyHydroCond)"]
["C03","C","Extraction of oil and gas, including infrastructure","Exploration of, development of infrastructure for and extracting petroleum and other liquid hydrocarbons (e.g. deep sea natural gas drilling or hydraulic fracturing on land). Includes oil spills that occur at the drill site.","Excludes: \n-oil and gas pipelines  (D07)\n-oil spills that come from oil tankers  (E02) ","Extraction of oil and gas, including infrastructure (ActivExtrNonLivingOilGas)\n\n","Biological:\nDisturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence (PresBioDisturbSps);\nPhysical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed);\nPhysical loss (due to permanent change of seabed substrate or morphology and to extraction of seabed substrate) (PresPhyLoss);\nChanges to hydrological conditions (PresPhyHydroCond);\nSubstances, litter and energy:\nInput of other substances (e.g. synthetic substances, non-synthetic substances, radionuclides) – diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition, acute events ) (PresInputCont);\nInput of anthropogenic sound (impulsive, continuous) (PresInputSound);","1.9 - Point – Other \n2.10 - Diffuse – Other ","15.02.2018\ncorresponding MSFD pressure added (PresInputCont)"]
["C04","C","Coal mining","Coal mining including both open cast and underground mining.",null,"Extraction of minerals (rock, metal ores, gravel, sand, shell) (ActivExtrNonLivingMinerals)","Physical:\nChanges to hydrological conditions (PresPhyHydroCond)","1.7 - Point - Mine waters (Industry)\n2.8 - Diffuse – Mining (Industry)\n6.1 – Groundwater recharges (Industry)"]
["C05","C","Peat extraction","Extraction of peat (e.g. cutting of peat and mechanical removal of peat). Includes drainage associated with peat extraction.",null,null,null,"4.1.4 - Physical alteration of channel/bed/riparian area/shore – Other\n4.3.6 – Hydrological alteration – Other","07.05.2018 \ncorrection of gramatical error in Description field"]
["C06","C","Dumping/depositing of inert materials from terrestrial extraction","Dumping/depositing of inert materials from terrestrial extraction. ",null,"Restructuring of seabed morphology, including dredging and depositing of materials (ActivRestrucSeabedMorph);\nExtraction of minerals (rock, metal ores, gravel, sand, shell) (ActivExtrNonLivingMinerals)","Physical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed); \nPhysical loss (due to permanent change of seabed substrate or morphology and to extraction of seabed substrate) (PresPhyLoss);\nChanges to hydrological conditions (PresPhyHydroCond);\nSubstances, litter and energy:\nInput of other substances (e.g. synthetic substances, non-synthetic substances, radionuclides) – diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition, acute events ) (PresInputCont)",null,"15.02.2018\ncorresponding MSFD pressures added (PresInputCont)\ncorresponding MSFD activity added (ActivRestrucSeabedMorph)"]
["C07","C","Dumping/depositing of dredged materials from marine extraction","Dumping/depositing of dredged materials from marine extraction.",null,"Restructuring of seabed morphology, including dredging and depositing of materials (ActivRestrucSeabedMorph);\nExtraction of minerals (rock, metal ores, gravel, sand, shell) (ActivExtrNonLivingMinerals)","Physical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed); \nPhysical loss (due to permanent change of seabed substrate or morphology and to extraction of seabed substrate) (PresPhyLoss);\nChanges to hydrological conditions (PresPhyHydroCond);\nSubstances, litter and energy:\nInput of other substances (e.g. synthetic substances, non-synthetic substances, radionuclides) – diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition, acute events ) (PresInputCont)",null,"15.02.2018\ncorresponding MSFD pressures added (PresInputCont)\ncorresponding MSFD activity added (ActivRestrucSeabedMorph)"]
["C08","C","Abandonment or conversion of saltpans","Abandonment or conversion of saltpans (e.g. for aquaculture or rice fields).",null,null,null,"4.3.1 - Hydrological alteration – Agriculture\n4.3.5 – Hydrological alteration – Aquaculture\n"]
["C09","C","Geotechnical surveying","Geotechnical surveying for oil and gas exploration and exploration of mines (e.g. seismic marine surveys or surveys to evaluate potential for hydraulic fracturing).",null,"Extraction of minerals (rock, metal ores, gravel, sand, shell) (ActivExtrNonLivingMinerals); \nExtraction of oil and gas, including infrastructure (ActivExtrNonLivingOilGas);\nResearch, survey and educational activities (ActivResearch)\n","Biological:\nDisturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence (PresBioDisturbSps);\nSubstances, litter and energy:\nInput of other substances (e.g. synthetic substances, non-synthetic substances, radionuclides) – diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition, acute events ) (PresInputCont);\nInput of anthropogenic sound (impulsive, continuous) (PresInputSound);\n","1.9 – Point – Other","15.02.2018\ncorresponding MSFD pressures added (PresInputCont)\ncorresponding MSFD activity added (ActivResearch)"]
["C10","C","Extraction activities generating point source pollution to surface or ground waters","This pressure should be used to address the point source pollution to surface and ground waters resulting from activities which cannot be directly attributed to specific activities covered by other level 2 pressures (e.g. point source pollution from coal mines or at oil and gas exploitation sites should be reported under the respective codes C04 Coal mining or C03 Extraction of oil and gas, including infrastructure).","Excludes marine pollution which should be reported as C12.",null,null,"1.5 –  Point - Contaminated sites or abandoned industrial sites (Industry)\n1.7 – Point – Mine waters"]
["C11","C","Extraction activities generating diffuse pollution to ground or surface waters","This pressure should be used to address the diffuse pollution to surface and ground waters resulting from activities which cannot be directly attributed to specific activities covered by other level 2 pressures (e.g. diffuse pollution related to coal mining or oil and gas exploitation should be reported under the respective codes C04 Coal mining or C03 Extraction of oil and gas, including infrastructure).","Excludes marine pollution which should be reported as C12.",null,null,"2.5 - Diffuse – Contaminated sites or abandoned industrial site (Industry)\n2.8 - Diffuse – Mining"]
["C12","C","Extraction activities generating marine pollution","This pressure should be used to address marine pollution resulting from activities which cannot be directly attributed to specific activities covered by other level 2 pressures (e.g. marine pollution related to oil and gas exploitation  should be reported under C03 Extraction of oil and gas, including infrastructure).",null,"Extration of minerals (rock, metal ores, gravel, sand, shell) (ActivExtrNonLivingMinerals); \nExtraction of oil and gas, inlcuding infrastructure (ActivExtrNonLivingOilGas)\n\n\n\n","Substances, litter and energy:\nInput of other substances (e.g. synthetic substances, non-synthetic substances, radionuclides) – diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition, acute events (PresInputCont);\nInput of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) (PresInputLitter)"]
["C13","C","Extraction activities generating noise, light or other forms of pollution","This pressure should be used to address the noise, light pollution or pollution by other forms of energy  resulting from activities which cannot be directly attributed to specific activities covered by other level 2 pressures (e.g. sound wave pollution from marine seismic surveys should be reported as  C09 Geotechnical surveying).",null,"Extration of minerals (rock, metal ores, gravel, sand, shell) (ActivExtrNonLivingMinerals); \nExtraction of oil and gas, inlcuding infrastructure (ActivExtrNonLivingOilGas)\n\n\n\n","Biological:\nDisturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence (PresBioDisturbSps);\nSubstances, litter and energy:\nInput of anthropogenic sound (impulsive, continuous) (PresInputSound); \nInput of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) (PresInputOthEnergy);\n"]
["C14","C","Abstraction of surface and ground water for resource extraction","Abstraction of water for processing the exploited materials.","Drainage and water abstraction activities related to extraction and exploitation (e.g. peat drainage or abstraction of mine waters) should be included under the respective categories (e.g. C05, C01).","Extraction of minerals (rock, metal ores, gravel, sand, shell) (ActivExtrNonLivingMinerals); \nExtraction of water (ActivExtrNonLivingWater)\n\n\n\n","Physical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed);\nChanges to hydrological conditions (PresPhyHydroCond)","3.3 – Abstraction or flow diversion – Industry \n4.1.4 - Physical alteration of channel/bed/riparian area/shore – Other\n4.3.6 – Hydrological alteration – Other\n6.2 – Groundwater – Alteration of water level or volume (Industry)"]
["C15","C","Mining and extraction activities not referred to above","Other mining and extraction activities not mentioned above (e.g. closure of mines)."]
["D","D","Energy production processes and related infrastructure development"]
["D01","D","Wind, wave and tidal power, including infrastructure","Renewable energy (wind, wave and tidal power) generation including development and use of associated infrastructure (e.g. building wind turbines or tidal barrages, collision of birds with wind turbines, damage to coastal habitats or disturbance of marine mammals due to operation of tidal or wave barrages).","Excludes electricity transmission infrastructure (D06) \n","Renewable energy generation (wind, wave and tidal power), including infrastructure (ActivProdEnerRenew)\n\n","Biological:\nDisturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence (PresBioDisturbSps);\nPhysical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed);\nPhysical loss (due to permanent change of seabed substrate or morphology and to extraction of seabed substrate) (PresPhyLoss);\nChanges to hydrological conditions (PresPhyHydroCond);\nSubstances, litter and energy:\nInput of anthropogenic sound (impulsive, continuous) (PresInputSound);"]
["D02","D","Hydropower (dams, weirs, run-off-the-river), including infrastructure","Hydropower generation including development and use of associated infrastructure (e.g. building dams or weirs, changes of hydrological functioning rivers or chemical and thermal properties of water due to operation of dams and weirs).","Excludes electricity transmission infrastructure (D06) \n","Renewable energy generation (wind, wave and tidal power), including infrastructure (ActivProdEnerRenew)\n","Physical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed); \nPhysical loss (due to permanent change of seabed substrate or morphology and to extraction of seabed substrate) (PresPhyLoss);\nChanges to hydrological conditions (PresPhyHydroCond)","3.5 – Abstraction or flow diversion (Hydropower) \n4.2.1 – Dams, barriers, and locks – Hydropower\n4.3.3 - Hydrological alteration – Hydropower"]
["D03","D","Solar power, including infrastructure","Renewable energy (solar power) generation including development and use of associated infrastructure (e.g. building solar farms).","Excludes electricity transmission infrastructure (D06) \n"]
["D04","D","Geothermal power generation (including infrastructure)","Renewable energy (geothermal power) generation including development and use of associated infrastructure (e.g.  exploitation drills,  geothermal wells, managing waste heat, managing pollution from geothermal waters, accidents).","Excludes electricity transmission infrastructure (D06)","Non-renewable energy generation (ActiProdEnerNonRenew)"]
["D05","D","Development and operation of energy production plants (including bioenergy plants, fossil and nuclear energy plants)","Development and operation of energy production plants (e.g. bioenergy plants, fossil and nuclear energy plants).","Excludes: \n-production of bioenergy feedstock (agricultural (A35)  and forestry (B27) products)\n-extraction of energy resources which should be reported under corresponding codes C03, C04\n-electricity transmission infrastructure (D06) \n","Renewable energy generation (wind, wave and tidal power), including infrastructure (ActivProdEnerRenew);\nNon-renewable energy generation (ActiProdEnerNonRenew)\n\n\n","Substances, litter and energy:\nInput of nutrients – diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition (PresInputNut);\nInput of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) (PresInputOthEnergy)","1.3 – Point – IED plants (Industry)\n1.4 – Point – Non IED plants (Industry)\n2.7 - Diffuse - Atmospheric deposition "]
["D06","D","Transmission of electricity and communications (cables)","Construction, operation and maintenance of power lines and communication infrastructure  (e.g. collisions or electrocution of wildlife with phone and power lines).",null,"Transmission of electricity and communications (cables) (ActivProdEnerCables)\n\n\n","Physical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed);\nChanges to hydrological conditions (PresPhyHydroCond);\nSubstances, litter and energy:\nInput of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) (PresInputOthEnergy)"]
["D07","D","Oil and gas pipelines","Construction and operation of oil and gas pipelines in both the marine and terrestrial environment (e.g. negative impact of explosions, air pollution).",null,"Extraction of oil and gas, including infrastructure (ActivExtrNonLivingOilGas)","Physical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed); \nPhysical loss (due to permanent change of seabed substrate or morphology and to extraction of seabed substrate) (PresPhyLoss);\nChanges to hydrological conditions (PresPhyHydroCond);\nSubstances, litter and energy:\nInput of other substances (e.g. synthetic substances, non-synthetic substances, radionuclides) – diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition, acute events ) (PresInputCont)","1.9 - Point – Other \n2.10 - Diffuse – Other "]
["D08","D","Energy production and transmission activities generating pollution to surface or ground waters","This pressure should be used to address the pollution to surface and ground waters resulting from activities which cannot be directly attributed to specific activities covered by other level 2 pressures (e.g.  pollution from oil pipelines or from geothermal waters should be reported under D07 Oil and gas pipelines or D04 Geothermal power generation (including infrastructure)).","\nExcludes:\n-marine pollution (D10) \n-atmospheric deposition from energy production (D09)\n",null,null,"1.3 – Point – IED plants (Industry)\n1.4 – Point – Non IED plants (Industry)\n1.9 - Point – Other \n2.7 - Diffuse - Atmospheric deposition \n2.10 - Diffuse – Other "]
["D09","D","Energy production and transmission activities generating air pollution","This pressure should be used to address the air pollution resulting from activities which cannot be directly attributed to specific activities covered by other level 2 pressures (e.g. pollution from fossil energy plants should be reported as D05 Development and operation of energy production plants (including bioenergy plants, fossil and nuclear energy plants)).",null,"Renewable energy generation (wind, wave and tidal power), including infrastructure (ActivProdEnerRenew);\nNon-renewable energy generation (ActivProdEnerNonRenew)\n\n","Substances, litter and energy:\nInput of nutrients - diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition (PresInputNut); \nInput of other substances (e.g. synthetic substances, non-synthetic substances, radionuclides) — diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition, acute events (PresInputCont)","2.7 - Diffuse - Atmospheric deposition "]
["D10","D","Energy production and transmission activities generating marine pollution","This pressure should be used to address the marine pollution resulting from activities which cannot be directly attributed to specific activities covered by other level 2 pressures (e.g. pollution from oil pipelines or from geothermal waters should be reported under D07 Oil and gas pipelines or D04 Geothermal power generation (including infrastructure)).",null,"Renewable energy generation (wind, wave and tidal power), including infrastructure (ActivProdEnerRenew);\nNon-renewable energy generation (ActivProdEnerNonRenew)\n\n","Substances, litter and energy:\nInput of nutrients - diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition (PresInputNut); \nInput of other substances (e.g. synthetic substances, non-synthetic substances, radionuclides) — diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition, acute events (PresInputCont); \n"]
["D11","D","Energy production and transmission activities generating noise pollution","This pressure should be used to address the noise pollution resulting from activities which cannot be directly attributed to specific activities covered by other level 2 pressures (e.g. noise pollution from wind, wave or tidal turbines should be reported under  D01 Wind, wave and tidal power, including infrastructure)).",null,"Renewable energy generation (wind, wave and tidal power), including infrastructure (ActivProdEnerRenew)\n","Biological:\nDisturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence (PresBioDisturbSps);\nSubstances, litter and energy:\nInput of anthropogenic sound (impulsive, continuous) (PresInputSound)"]
["D12","D","Energy production and transmission activities generating light, heat or other forms pollution","This pressure should be used to address the light, heat or other forms pollution resulting from activities which cannot be directly attributed to specific activities covered by other level 2 pressures (e.g. heat pollution from cooling waters should be reported under D05 Development and operation of energy production plants (including bioenergy plants, fossil and nuclear energy plants)).",null,"Renewable energy generation (wind, wave and tidal power), including infrastructure (ActivProdEnerRenew);\nNon-renewable energy generation (ActiProdEnerNonRenew); \nTransmission of electricity and communications (cables) (ActivProdEnerCables)","\n\nSubstances, litter and energy:\nInput of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) (PresInputOthEnergy)"]
["D13","D","Abstraction of surface and ground water for energy production (excluding hydropower)","Surface water abstraction for energy production (e.g. for cooling in electricity production).","Excludes: \n-geothermal wells (D04)\n-hydropower (D02)","Non-renewable energy generation (ActiProdEnerNonRenew);\nExtraction of water (ActivExtrNonLivingWater) ","Physical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed);\nChanges to hydrological conditions (PresPhyHydroCond)","3.4 – Abstraction or flow diversion – Cooling water (Industry)\n4.1.4 - Physical alteration of channel/bed/riparian area/shore – Other\n4.2.6 - Dams, barriers and locks - Industry (Energy – non-hydropower)\n4.3.6 – Hydrological alteration – Other"]
["D14","D","Energy production and transmission activities not referred to above","Other energy production and transmission related activities not mentioned above."]
["E","E","Development and operation of transport systems","Includes transportation corridors outside of human settlements and industrial developments. These corridors create specific stresses to biodiversity, especially the fragmentation of habitats, and lead to other threats including farms, invasive species, and poachers. "]
["E01","E","Roads, paths, railroads and related infrastructure (e.g. bridges, viaducts, tunnels)","Construction and operation (e.g. collisions, traffic, noise, light, fencing associated with roads, use of salt for snow cleaning etc.) of road and related infrastructure and related pressures such as animal mortality, habitat fragmentation, improved access to sites via roads and paths.","Excludes:\n-operating off-road leisure vehicles are treated under F07. \n-small roads associated with another infrastructure (e.g. utility line) which should be reported under respective codes  \n-car parks are reported under respective codes in category F (e.g. F07)\nLogging roads closed to public circulation should be reported under B16. \n","Transport – land (ActivTranspLand)","Substances, litter and energy:\nInput of nutrients – diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition (PresInputNut)","2.4 - Diffuse – Transport (Transport) \n2.7 - Diffuse – Atmospheric deposition (Transport)\n5.3 – Litter or fly tipping (Transport)"]
["E02","E","Shipping lanes and ferry lanes transport operations","Operation and use of marine and inland water transport corridors, as well as pressures linked to transport activities on these freshwater and ocean waterways (e.g. disturbance from shipping at feeding/nesting areas, death or injury by collision, wakes from cargo ship traffic, oil spills from tankers, increased risk of colonisation of islands by invasive species). Includes the anchorage of ships and vessels (industrial, commercial).","Excludes anchorage of leisure vessels (which are included under F07). \n","Transport — shipping (ActivTranspShip)","Biological:\nInput or spread of non-indigenous species (PresBioIntroNIS); \nDisturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence (PresBioDisturbSps);\nExtraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) (PresBioExtractSps);\nSubstances, litter and energy:\nInput of nutrients – diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition (PresInputNut);\nInput of other substances (e.g. synthetic substances, non-synthetic substances, radionuclides) — diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition, acute events (PresInputCont); \nInput of anthropogenic sound (impulsive, continuous) (PresInputSound)\n","2.4 – Diffuse – Transport (Transport)\n2.7 – Diffuse – Atmospheric deposition (Transport)\n4.3.2 - Hydrological alteration – Transport\n5.1 – Introduced species and diseases (Transport)\n5.3 – Litter or fly tipping (Transport)"]
["E03","E","Shipping lanes, ferry lanes and anchorage infrastructure (e.g. canalisation, dredging)","Maintenance and construction of marine and inland water shipping lanes,  transport corridors or coastal infrastructure for anchorage of ships and vessels (industrial, commercial) including hydrological and morphological modifications for transport (e.g. canalisation, water deviation, barriers and locks, dredging and desilting of waterways for navigational purposes). ","Excludes:\n-anchorage of leisure vessels (which are included under F07). \n-terrestrial port infrastructure which is reported using respective pressures (e.g. F01, F02, F03, F04). ","Restructuring of seabed morphology, including dredging and depositing of materials (ActivRestrucSeabedMorph);\nCanalisation and other watercourse modification (ActivRestrucCanalisation);\nTransport infrastructure (ActivTranspInfras)","Biological:\nDisturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence (PresBioDisturbSps);\nExtraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) (PresBioExtractSps);\nPhysical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed);\nPhysical loss (due to permanent change of seabed substrate or morphology and to extraction of seabed substrate) (PresPhyLoss);\nChanges to hydrological conditions (PresPhyHydroCond);\nSubstances, litter and energy:\nInput of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) (PresInputLitter);\nInput of anthropogenic sound (impulsive, continuous) (PresInputSound);\nInput of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) (PresInputOthEnergy)","4.1.3 – Physical alteration of channel/bed/riparian area/shore – Navigation (Transport); \n4.2.7 – Dams, barriers and locks – Navigation (Transport)\n4.3.2 - Hydrological alteration – Transport; "]
["E04","E","Flight paths of planes, helicopter and other non-leisure aircrafts","Transport activities on the flight paths of the aircraft including near airports (e.g. birds collisions with (commercial) aircraft at/near airports).","Excludes:\n-construction and operation of stationary infrastructure (e.g. airports, helipads) which should be reported using respective codes under category F (e.g. F03, F04)\n-leisure aircrafts and leisure drones (F07). \n","Transport infrastructure (ActivTranspInfras); \nTransport - air (ActivTranspAir)","Substances, litter and energy:\nInput of nutrients – diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition (PresInputNut);\nInput of other substances (e.g. synthetic substances, non-synthetic substances, radionuclides) — diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition, acute events (PresInputCont); \nInput of anthropogenic sound (impulsive, continuous) (PresInputSound)\n\n\n","2.4 - Diffuse – Transport (Transport) \n2.7 - Diffuse – Atmospheric deposition (Transport)"]
["E05","E","Land, water and air transport activities generating pollution to surface or ground waters","This pressure should be used to address the pollution to surface or ground waters resulting from activities which cannot be directly attributed to specific activities covered by other level 2 pressures  (e.g. leaks and spills from commercial freshwater vessels should be reported under E02 Shipping lanes and ferry lanes transport operations).","\nExcludes:\n-marine pollution which should be reported as E07\n- atmospheric deposition from transport activities which should be reported as E06 \n",null,null,"1.9 - Point – Other \n2.4 - Diffuse – Transport\n2.7 – Diffuse – Atmospheric deposition (Transport)\n5.3 – Litter or fly tipping (Transport)"]
["E06","E","Land, water and air transport activities generating air pollution","This pressure should be used to address air pollution resulting from activities which cannot be directly attributed to specific activities covered by other level 2 pressures (e.g. emissions from particular transportation methods like road transportation vehicles, aircrafts, container ships or ferries should be reported under respective codes E01 Roads, paths, railroads and related infrastructure (e.g. bridges, viaducts, tunnels), E02 Shipping lanes and ferry lanes transport operations or E04 Flight paths of planes, helicopter and other non-leisure aircrafts).",null,"Transport - air (ActivTranspAir)\nTransport — shipping (ActivTranspShip)","Substances, litter and energy:\nInput of nutrients – diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition (PresInputNut);\nInput of other substances (e.g. synthetic substances, non-synthetic substances, radionuclides) – diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition, acute events (PresInputCont)\n","2.7 Diffuse – Atmospheric deposition (Transport)","07.05.2018 \nMinor correction in  Description field. The correct code for  'Flight paths of planes, helicopter and other non-leisure aircrafts' is E04"]
["E07","E","Land, water and air transport activities generating marine pollution","This pressure should be used to address marine pollution resulting from activities which cannot be directly attributed to specific activities covered by other level 2 pressures (e.g. oil spills from tankers or fuel oil leaks and discharges from ships and ferries should be reported under E02 Shipping lanes and ferry lanes transport operations).",null,"Transport - air (ActivTranspAir)\nTransport — shipping (ActivTranspShip);\nTransport – land (ActivTranspLand)","Substances, litter and energy:\nInput of nutrients – diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition (PresInputNut);\nInput of organic matter – diffuse sources and point sources (PresInputOM);\nInput of other substances (e.g. synthetic substances, non-synthetic substances, radionuclides) – diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition, acute events (PresInputCont);\nInput of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) (PresInputLitter)",null,"15.02.2018\ncorresponding MSFD pressures added (PresInputOM)"]
["E08","E","Land, water and air transport activities generating noise, light and other forms of pollution","This pressure should be used to address noise,  light and other forms of pollution resulting from activities which cannot be directly attributed to specific activities covered by other level 2 pressures (e.g. noise from shipping should be reported under E02 Shipping lanes and ferry lanes transport operations). ",null,"Transport - air (ActivTranspAir)\nTransport — shipping (ActivTranspShip)","Biological:\nDisturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence (PresBioDisturbSps);\nSubstances, litter and energy:\nInput of anthropogenic sound (impulsive, continuous) (PresInputSound); \nInput of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) (PresInputOthEnergy);\n"]
["E09","E","Land, water and air transport activities not referred to above","Other land, water and air transport activities not mentioned above."]
["F","F","Development, construction and use of residential, commercial, industrial and recreational infrastructure and areas"]
["F01","F","Conversion from other land uses to housing, settlement or recreational areas (excluding drainage and modification of coastline, estuary and coastal conditions)","Conversion of natural and semi-natural habitats to housing, settlement or recreational areas. Includes development of dispersed housing.\n\nThis pressure does not relate only to land use changes that occurred during the reporting period,it also refers to instances where continuing the current land use of a natural/semi-natural habitat prevent the latter from being restored.","Excludes:\n-development of sport and leisure facilities outside the urban and recreational areas (F05)\n-drainage (F26)\n- modification of coastline, estuary and coastal conditions (F08)",null,null,"4.3.6 – Hydrological alteration – Other "]
["F02","F","Construction or modification (e.g. of housing and settlements) in existing urban or recreational areas","Construction in existing urban or recreational areas, reconstruction of existing buildings and structures, and the demolition of buildings and human structures. This pressure can include e.g. demolishment of structures important for nesting or sheltering of birds and bats, negative impact of  isolation or other reconstruction works to nesting birds or bats.  Includes deliberate closure of roofs (to prevent  bats or birds)."]
["F03","F","Conversion from other land uses to commercial / industrial areas (excluding drainage and modification of coastline, estuary and coastal conditions)","Conversion of natural and semi-natural habitats to commercial or industrial areas (e.g. building the industrial parks or warehouse zones) or construction of solitary buildings not dedicated to housing and recreation (like solitary buildings for agricultural or forestry use).\n\nThis pressure relates not only to land use changes that occurred during the reporting period but refers to instances where continuing the current land use of a natural/semi-natural habitat prevent the latter from being restored."," Excludes:\n-drainage (F27)\n-modification of coastline, estuary and coastal conditions (F08)\n-conversion of land for development of transportation  (E01, E03), resource extraction (C…) and energy production (D...)  infrastructure outside the urabanised areas",null,null,"4.3.6 – Hydrological alteration – Other ","07.05.2018 \nCorrection of typing errorin\"Pressure/Threat\"\n3.1.2018\n'Notes on use of pressure' revised, adition of 'conversion of land for development of transportation  (E01, E03), resource extraction (C…) and energy production (D...)  infrastructure outside the urabanised areas'                                                                "]
["F04","F","Construction or modification of commercial / industrial infrastructure in existing commercial / industrial areas","Construction in existing commercial or industrial areas, reconstruction of existing buildings and other industrial infrastructure and demolition of buildings and industrial structures. Includes reconstructions and demolishment of solitary buildings not dedicated for housing and recreation (like solitary buildings for agricultural or forestry use).","Includes the negative effects of reconstruction works and the demolition of buildings. "]
["F05","F","Creation or development of sports, tourism and leisure infrastructure (outside the urban or recreational areas)","Creation and development of sport and leisure structures outside the urban or recreational areas (e.g. building the ski lifts, cable cars, motocross circuits).","Excludes:\n-development of recreational areas ( F01)\n-development of beaches  F06)\n-sport, tourism and leisure activities (F07)","Tourism and leisure infrastructure (ActivTourismInfras)","Physical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed);\nPhysical loss (due to permanent change of seabed substrate or morphology and to extraction of seabed substrate) (PresPhyLoss);\nChanges to hydrological conditions (PresPhyHydroCond);",null,"15.02.2018\ncorresponding MSFD pressures added (PresPhyDisturbSeabed), (PresPhyLoss), (PresPhyHydroCond)"]
["F06","F","Development and maintenance of beach areas for tourism and recreation incl. beach nourishment and beach cleaning","Activities connected with development and maintenance of recreational coastal areas  and beach resorts such as levelling of dunes morphology, beach cleaning (also with mechanical vehicles), beach nourishment, human trampling and overuse, construction of buildings connected to the seaside bathing establishments, marine/beach litter deposition.",null,"Canalisation and other watercourse modifications (ActivRestrucCanalisation);\nRestructuring of seabed morphology, including dredging and depositing of materials (ActivRestrucSeabedMorph);\nCoastal defence and flood protection (ActivRestrucCoastDef);\nLand claim (ActivRestrucLandClaim)","Biological:\nDisturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence (PresBioDisturbSps);\nExtraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) (PresBioExtractSps);\nPhysical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed);\nPhysical loss (due to permanent change of seabed substrate or morphology and to extraction of seabed substrate) (PresPhyLoss);\nChanges to hydrological conditions (PresPhyHydroCond);\nSubstances, litter and energy:\nInput of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) (PresInputLitter);\nInput of anthropogenic sound (impulsive, continuous) (PresInputSound);\nInput of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) (PresInputOthEnergy)","5.3 – Litter or fly tipping ","15.02.2018\ncorresponding MSFD activity added (ActivRestrucSeabedMorph), (ActivRestrucCanalisation)"]
["F07","F","Sports, tourism and leisure activities","Sport, tourism and leisure activities outside the urban and recreational zones (e.g. outdoor sports, leisure aircrafts, drones,  human trampling,  wildlife watching).","Excludes:\n-impacts associated with development and maintenance of recreational areas (F01, F02)\n-creation or development of tourism and leisure infrastructure (F05)\n-development and maintenance of beaches for tourism and recreation (F06).","Tourism and leisure activities (ActivTourismActiv)","Biological:\nDisturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence (PresBioDisturbSps);\nExtraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) (PresBioExtractSps);\nPhysical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed);\nSubstances, litter and energy:\nInput of anthropogenic sound (impulsive, continuous) (PresInputSound);\n"]
["F08","F","Modification of coastline, estuary and coastal conditions for development, use and protection of residential, commercial, industrial and recreational infrastructure and areas (including sea defences or coastal protection works and infrastructures)","Activities modifying coastline or estuary and coastal conditions triggered by urban development such as development  and protection of residential, commercial, industrial and recreational infrastructure and areas. Includes activities like building sea defences and coastal protection infrastructure or maintenance of existing coastal structures (e.g. repairs to existing sea defences, harbour walls).","Excludes:\ndevelopment and maintenance of coastal infrastructure for anchorage of ships and vessels (passenger transport, industrial, commercial) (E03) and leisure vessels (F07)\n-modification of coastline related to development of wind, wave and tidal power infrastructure (D01)","Land claim (ActivRestrucLandClaim); Coastal defence and flood protection (ActivRestrucCoastDef)","Biological:\nDisturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence (PresBioDisturbSps);\nPhysical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed);\nPhysical loss (due to permanent change of seabed substrate or morphology and to extraction of seabed substrate) (PresPhyLoss);\nChanges to hydrological conditions (PresPhyHydroCond);\nSubstances, litter and energy:\nInput of anthropogenic sound (impulsive, continuous) (PresInputSound);","4.1.4 - Physical alteration of channel/bed/riparian area/shore – Other","07.05.2018 \ncorrection of typing error in Pressure/threat field"]
["F09","F","Deposition and treatment of waste/garbage from household/recreational facilities","Management, including deposition and treatment (e.g. dumps, landfills, incineration and other methods of physical or biological processing) of waste from urban and recreational areas (e.g. household waste, other urban waste like waste from hospitals or from urban green areas, food waste from recreational areas).",null,"Waste treatment and disposal (ActivUrbIndWaste)","\nSubstances, litter and energy:\nInput of nutrients — diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition (PresInputNut); \nInput of organic matter — diffuse sources and point sources (PresInputOM);\nInput of other substances (e.g. synthetic substances, non-synthetic substances, radionuclides) – diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition, acute events (PresInputCont);\nInput of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) (PresInputLitter)\n","1.6 - Point - Waste disposal sites (Urban development)","15.02.2018\ncorresponding MSFD pressures added (PresInputOM), (PresInputNut)"]
["F10","F","Deposition and treatment of waste/garbage from commercial and industrial facilities","Management, including deposition and treatment (e.g. dumps, landfills, incineration recycling and other methods of physical or chemical processing) of waste from industrial production processes.","Excludes deposition and treatement of waste from resource extraction and energy production.","Waste treatment and disposal (ActivUrbIndWaste)","\nSubstances, litter and energy:\nInput of other substances (e.g. synthetic substances, non-synthetic substances, radionuclides) – diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition, acute events (PresInputCont);\nInput of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) (PresInputLitter)\n","1.6 - Point - Waste disposal sites (Urban development)","3.1.2018 \n'Description' competed: addition of 'of waste from industrial production processe'; \n'Notes on use of pressure' added."]
["F11","F","Pollution to surface or ground water due to urban run-offs","Pollution from rain and storm water running from urbanised areas carrying pollutants from roads and parking plots as well as fertilizers and pesticides used for urban vegetation.",null,"Urban uses (ActivUrbIndUrban)","\n\nSubstances, litter and energy:\nInput of nutrients — diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition (PresInputNut); \nInput of organic matter — diffuse sources and point sources (PresInputOM);\nInput of other substances (e.g. synthetic substances, non-synthetic substances, radionuclides) — diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition, acute events (PresInputCont); \nInput of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) (PresInputLitter)","1.2 – Point - Storm Overflows\n2.1 - Diffuse - Urban run off (Urban development, Industry)\n5.3 - Litter or fly tipping (Urban development)\n9 - Anthropogetic pressure – Historical pollution\n","15.02.2018\ncorresponding MSFD pressures added (PresInputNut), (PresInputOM)"]
["F12","F","Discharge of urban waste water (excluding storm overflows and/or urban run-offs) generating pollution to surface or ground water","Discharges of urban waste water (sewage) into surface and ground waters as well as discharges from non-manufacturing commercial areas which can largely be assimilated as urban waste water. Includes also activities related to household waste water treatment. "," Excludes marine pollution (F20).","Waste treatment and disposal (ActivUrbIndWaste);\nUrban uses (ActivUrbIndUrban)","\nSubstances, litter and energy:\nInput of nutrients – diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition (PresInputNut); \nInput of organic matter – diffuse sources and point sources (PresInputNut);\nInput of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) (PresInputLitter)\n\n","1.1 - Point Urban waste water (Urban development); \n2.6 – Diffuse – Discharges not connected to sewerage network (Urban development)"]
["F13","F","Plants, contaminated or abandoned industrial sites generating pollution to surface or ground water","Discharges of industrial waste water into surface and ground waters as well as diffuse pollution from contaminated or abandoned industrial sites. Includes also activities related to industrial waste water treatment. ","Excludes:\n-marine pollution (F21)\n-atmospheric deposition  (F19)","Industrial uses (ActivUrbIndIndustrial);\nWaste treatment and disposal (ActivUrbIndWaste)","\n\nSubstances, litter and energy:\nInput of nutrients – diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition (PresInputNut);\nInput of other substances (e.g. synthetic substances, non-synthetic substances, radionuclides) – diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition, acute events (PresInputCont);\nInput of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) (PresInputLitter)","1.3 – Point – IED plants (Industry)\n1.4 – Point – Non IED plants (Industry) \n1.5 – Point – Contaminated sites or abandoned industrial sites (Industry)\n2.5 –  Diffuse – Contaminated sites or abandoned industrial sites\n5.3 –  Litter or fly tipping (Urban development)\n9 – Anthropogetic pressure – Historical pollution"]
["F14","F","Other residential and recreational activities and structures generating point pollution to surface or ground waters","This pressure should be used to address the point pollution to surface and ground waters  originating  from urban and recreational areas which cannot be directly attributed to specific activities covered by other level 2 pressures  (e.g. if the source of the pollution is unknown or pollution is from several different sources).","If feasible, point source urban pollution from urban waste water discharges and urban run offs should be reported under F12 or F11 respectively.  Excludes marine pollution (F20)."]
["F15","F","Other industrial and commercial activities and structures generating point pollution to surface or ground waters","This pressure should be used to address the point pollution to surface and ground waters originating from industrial processes (i.e. from industrial production and processing) and structures which cannot be directly attributed to specific activities covered by other level 2 pressures (e.g. if the source of the pollution is unknown or pollution is from several different sources like from production sites together with solid waste treatment and disposal processes).","Excludes:\n-marine pollution (F21)\n-atmospheric deposition from point industrial sources (F19)\n-point pollution due to industrial transportation (E05), resource extraction (C10) and energy production (D08)",null,null,null,"3.1.2018\n'Description' revised; addition of  'i.e. from industrial procudtion and processing'; \n'Notes on use of pressure' revised; addition of '-point pollution due to industrial transportation (E05), resource extraction (C10) and energy production (D08)'"]
["F16","F","Other residential and recreational activities and structures generating diffuse pollution to surface or ground waters","This pressure should be used to address the diffuse pollution to surface and ground waters  originating  from urban and recreational areas which cannot be directly attributed to specific activities covered by other level 2 pressures  (e.g. if the source of the pollution is unknown or pollution is from several different sources)."," Excludes marine pollution (F20)."]
["F17","F","Other industrial and commercial activities and structures generating diffuse pollution to surface or ground waters","This pressure should be used to address the diffuse pollution to surface and ground waters originating from industrial processes (i.e. from industrial production and processing)  and structures which cannot be directly attributed to specific activities covered by other level 2 pressures (e.g. if the source of the pollution is unknown or pollution is from several different sources like from production sites together with solid waste treatment and disposal processes).","Excludes:\n-marine pollution (F21)\n-atmospheric deposition from industrial production (F19)\n-diffuse pollution due to industrial transportation (E05), resource extraction (C11) and energy production (D08)",null,null,null,"3.1.2018\n'Description'revised; addition of  'i.e. from industrial procudtion and processing';\n'Notes on use of pressure' revised; addition of  '-diffuse pollution due to industrial transportation (E05), resource extraction (C11) and energy production (D08)'"]
["F18","F","Residential and recreational activities and structures generating air pollution","Different activities related to residential and recreational areas generating air pollution (e.g. heating).","Excludes air pollution from waste treatment  (F09)","Urban uses (ActivUrbIndUrban)","Substances, litter and energy:\nInput of nutrients — diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition (PresInputNut);\nInput of other substances (e.g. synthetic substances, non-synthetic substances, radionuclides) — diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition, acute events (PresInputCont)","2.7 – Diffuse – Atmospheric deposition (Urban development)"]
["F19","F","Industrial and commercial activities and structures generating air pollution","Industrial activities (i.e. industrial production and processing) generating air pollution (e.g. industrial production).","Excludes air pollution linked to resource extraction (C13),  energy production (D09) and industrial transport (E06)","Industrial uses (ActivUrbIndIndustrial);","Substances, litter and energy:\nInput of nutrients — diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition (PresInputNut); \nInput of organic matter — diffuse sources and point sources (PresInputOM);\nInput of other substances (e.g. synthetic substances, non-synthetic substances, radionuclides) — diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition, acute events (PresInputCont)","2.7 – Diffuse – Atmospheric deposition (Industry)","07.05.2018 \ncorrection of typing error in Description\n15.02.2018\ncorresponding MSFD pressures added (PresInputOM)\n3.1.2018\n 'Description' revised; addition of  'i.e.  industrial procudtion and processing';\n'Notes on use of pressure' revised; addition of  'resource extraction (C13)'"]
["F20","F","Residential or recreational activities and structures generating marine pollution (excl. marine macro- and micro-particular pollution)","This pressure should be used to address the marine pollution originating  from urban and recreational areas which cannot be directly attributed to specific activities covered by other level 2 pressures  (e.g. if the source of the pollution is unknown or pollution is from several different sources).",null,"Waste treatment and disposal (ActivUrbIndWaste);\nUrban uses (ActivUrbIndUrban)","Substances, litter and energy:\nInput of nutrients — diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition (PresInputNut); \nInput of organic matter — diffuse sources and point sources (PresInputOM);\nInput of other substances (e.g. synthetic substances, non-synthetic substances, radionuclides) – diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition, acute events\n"]
["F21","F","Industrial or commercial activities and structures generating marine pollution (excluding marine macro- and micro-particular pollution)","This pressure should be used to address the marine pollution originating  from industrial processes (i.e. from industrial production and processing) and structures which cannot be directly attributed to specific activities covered by other level 2 pressures  (e.g. if the source of the pollution is unknown or pollution is from several different sources like from production sites together with solid waste treatment and disposal processes).","Excludes marine pollution due to industrial transportation (E07), resource extraction (C12) and energy production (D10).","Industrial uses (ActivUrbIndIndustrial);\nWaste treatment and disposal (ActivUrbIndWaste)","Substances, litter and energy:\nInput of nutrients — diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition (PresInputNut); \nInput of other substances (e.g. synthetic substances, non-synthetic substances, radionuclides) – diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition, acute events (PresInputCont)",null,"07.05.2018 \ncorrection of typing error in Description\n15.02.2018\nMSFD pressures  - added missing pressure code\n3.1.2018\n'Description' revised; addition of 'i.e. from industrial procudtion and processing';\n'Notes on use of pressure' revised; addition of  'Excludes marine pollution due to industrial transportation (E07), resource extraction (C12) and energy production (D10)'"]
["F22","F","Residential or recreational activities and structures generating marine macro- and micro- particulate pollution (e.g. plastic bags, Styrofoam)","Different activities (e.g. urban waste disposal, use of products containing micro-particles) related to residential and recreational areas generating marine macro- and micro- particulate pollution (e.g. plastic bags, Styrofoam). Includes micro-residues in benthic habitats.",null,"Urban uses (ActivUrbIndUrban);\nWaste treatment and disposal (ActivUrbIndWaste)","\n\nSubstances, litter and energy:\nInput of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) (PresInputLitter)\n","5.3 – Litter or fly tipping (Urban development)"]
["F23","F","Industrial or commercial activities and structures generating marine macro- and micro- particulate pollution (e.g. plastic bags, Styrofoam)","Industrial processes (i.e. from industrial production and processing) , storage and transportation of industrial products generating marine macro- and micro- particulate pollution (e.g. plastic bags, Styrofoam). Includes micro-residues in benthic habitats.",null,"Industrial uses (ActivUrbIndIndustrial);\nWaste treatment and disposal (ActivUrbIndWaste)","\n\nSubstances, litter and energy:\nInput of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) (PresInputLitter); \n","5.3 – Litter or fly tipping (Urban development)","3.1.2018\n'Description' revised; addition of   'i.e. from industrial procudtion and processing'; "]
["F24","F","Residential or recreational activities and structures generating noise, light, heat or other forms of pollution","Different activities and structures related to residential and recreational areas that generate noise, light,  heat or other forms of pollution.",null,"Urban uses (ActivUrbIndUrban)","Biological:\nDisturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence (PresBioDisturbSps);\nSubstances, litter and energy:\nInput of anthropogenic sound (impulsive, continuous) (PresInputSound); \nInput of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) (PresInputOthEnergy);\n"]
["F25","F","Industrial or commercial activities and structures generating noise, light, heat or other forms of pollution","Industrial processes (i.e. from industrial production and processing)  and structures generating noise, light,  heat or other forms of pollution.","Excludes noise, light,  heat or other forms of pollution due to industrial transportation (E08) , resource extraction (C13) and energy production (D11, D12).","Industrial uses (ActivUrbIndIndustrial)","Biological:\nDisturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence (PresBioDisturbSps);\nSubstances, litter and energy:\nInput of anthropogenic sound (impulsive, continuous) (PresInputSound); \nInput of other forms of energy (including electromagnetic fields, light and heat) (PresInputOthEnergy);\n",null,"07.05.2018 \ncorrection of typing error in Description\n3.1.2018\n'Description' revised; addition of  'i.e. from industrial procudtion and processing'\n'Notes on use of pressure'revised; addition of   'Excludes noise, light,  heat or other forms of pollution due to industrial transportation (E08) , resource extraction (C13) and energy production (D11, D12)'"]
["F26","F","Drainage, land reclamation and conversion of wetlands, marshes, bogs, etc. to settlement or recreational areas","Drainage, land reclamation and conversion of wetlands (e.g. marshes, bogs, fens, alluvial habitats) to prepare land for construction of human settlements or for use as recreational areas.",null,null,null,"4.1.4 - Physical alteration of channel/bed/riparian area/shore – Other\n4.3.6 - Hydrological alteration – Other\n"]
["F27","F","Drainage, land reclamation or conversion of wetlands, marshes, bogs, etc. to industrial/commercial areas","Drainage, land reclamation and conversion of wetlands (e.g. marshes, bogs, fens, alluvial habitats) to prepare land for construction of industrial/commercial areas.",null,null,null,"4.1.4 - Physical alteration of channel/bed/riparian area/shore – Other\n4.3.6 - Hydrological alteration – Other\n"]
["F28","F","Modification of flooding regimes, flood protection for residential or recreational development","Activities modifying physical structure and/or hydrological functioning of water bodies triggered by flood protection of urban and recreational zones (e.g. flood protection dams and reservoirs, river impoundments, canalisation, water deviation, removing bank vegetation).",null,"Urban uses (ActivUrbIndUrban);\nCoastal defence and flood protection (ActivRestrucCoastDef)","Physical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed);\nPhysical loss (due to permanent change of seabed substrate or morphology and to extraction of seabed substrate) (PresPhyLoss);\nChanges to hydrological conditions (PresPhyHydroCond)","4.1.1  - Physical  alteration of  channel/bed/riparian area/shore    ‐  Flood protection\n4.2.2 – Dams, barriers and locks – Flood protection\n4.4 - Hydromorphological alteration – Physical loss of whole or part of the water body (Flood protection)\n","15.02.2018\ncorresponding MSFD pressures added (PresPhyLoss)"]
["F29","F","Construction or development of reservoirs and dams for residential or recreational development","Construction,  development, use and maintenance of reservoirs and dams for residential or recreational use (e.g. drinking water supply).","Excludes flood protection dams and reservoirs (F28)","Urban uses (ActivUrbIndUrban)","Physical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed);\nChanges to hydrological conditions (PresPhyHydroCond)","4.2.3 – Dams, barriers and locks – Drinking water (Urban development); \n4.2.5 – Dams, barriers and locks – Recreation (Tourism and recreation)"]
["F30","F","Construction or development of reservoirs and dams for industrial or commercial development","Construction, development, use and maintenance of reservoirs and dams for industrial or commercial development and use (e.g. for industrial cooling).","Excludes dams supplying cooling waters for electricity production (D13)","Industrial uses (ActivUrbIndIndustrial)","Physical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed);\nChanges to hydrological conditions (PresPhyHydroCond)","4.2.6 – Dams, barriers and locks – Industry (Industry)"]
["F31","F","Other modification of hydrological conditions for residential or recreational development","This pressure should be used to address activities related to development and use of housing and recreational areas and structures modifying physical structure and/or hydrological functioning of water bodies which cannot be directly attributed to specific activities covered by other level 2 pressures.",null,"Urban uses (ActivUrbIndUrban)","Physical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed);\nChanges to hydrological conditions (PresPhyHydroCond)","4.3.4 - Hydrological alteration – Public water supply;\n4.3.6 - Hydrological alteration – Other\n6.1 – Groundwater – Recharges (Urban development)"]
["F32","F","Other modification of hydrological conditions for industrial or commercial development","This pressure should be used to address activities related to development and use of industrial areas structures modifying physical structure and/or hydrological functioning of water bodies which cannot be directly attributed to specific activities covered by other level 2 pressures.",null,"Industrial uses (ActivUrbIndIndustrial)","Physical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed);\nChanges to hydrological conditions (PresPhyHydroCond)","4.3.4 - Hydrological alteration – Public water supply (Urban development);\n4.3.6 - Hydrological alteration – Other\n6.1 – Groundwater – Recharges (Industry)"]
["F33","F","Abstraction of ground and surface waters (including marine) for public water supply and recreational use","Abstraction from ground and surface waters for public water supply and recreational use  (e.g. abstraction of fresh/marine water for swimming pools).","Excludes abstraction from dams and reservoirs (F29)","Urban uses (ActivUrbIndUrban);\nExtraction of water (ActivExtrNonLivingWater)","Physical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed);\nChanges to hydrological conditions (PresPhyHydroCond)","3.2 – Abstraction or flow diversion – Public water supply\n3.7 – Abstraction or flow diversion – Other (Tourism and recreation)\n4.3.4 Hydrological alteration – Public water supply (Urban development)\n","07.05.2018 \ncorrection of typing error in Pressure/threat field"]
["F34","F","Abstraction of ground and surface waters (including marine) for commercial/industrial use (excluding energy)","Abstraction from ground and surface waters (including marine) for commercial/industrial use (e.g. for industrial cooling or industrial processing).","Excludes abstraction from dams and reservoirs (F30) and abstraction for electricity production cooling  (D13)","Industrial uses (ActivUrbIndIndustrial);\nExtraction of water (ActivExtrNonLivingWater)","Physical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed);\nChanges to hydrological conditions (PresPhyHydroCond)","3.3 – Abstraction or flow diversion – Industry \n3.4 – Abstraction or flow diversion – Cooling water (Industry)","07.05.2018 \ncorrection of typing error in Pressure/threat field"]
["G","G","Extraction and cultivation of biological living resources (other than agriculture and forestry)"]
["G01","G","Marine fish and shellfish harvesting (professional, recreational) causing reduction of species/prey populations and disturbance of species","Professional and recreational marine fishing and shellfish harvesting causing increased mortality, reduction of species and/or prey populations and disturbance to species.","Excludes:\n-activities causing physical loss and disturbance of seafloor habitats (G03)\n-bycatch and incidental killing (e.g. by collision with fishing boats) (G12)","Fish and shellfish harvesting (professional, recreational) (ActivExtrLivingFishHarv) ","Biological:\nDisturbance of species (e.g. where they breed, rest and feed) due to human presence (PresBioDisturbSps);\nExtraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities) (PresBioExtractSps); \nSubstances, litter and energy:\nInput of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) (PresInputLitter)\n\n",null,"15.02.2018\ncorresponding MSFD pressures added (PresBioDisturbSps)"]
["G02","G","Marine fish and shellfish processing","Activities related to marine fish and shellfish processing like handling the catch, storing, pre-processing and processing, and waste treatment.",null,"Fish and shellfish processing (ActivExtrLivingFishProcess)","Substances, litter and energy:\nInput of nutrients — diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition (PresInputNut); \nInput of organic matter — diffuse sources and point sources (PresInputOM);\nInput of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) (PresInputLitter)\n\n\n\n"]
["G03","G","Marine fish and shellfish harvesting (professional, recreational) activities causing physical loss and disturbance of seafloor habitats","Professional and recreational marine fishing and shellfish harvesting activities causing  physical loss and disturbance of seafloor habitats (e.g. bottom trawling, benthic dredging).","Excludes activities causing reduction of species/prey populations and disturbance of species which should be reported under G01 \n","Fish and shellfish harvesting (professional, recreational) (ActivExtrLivingFishHarv) ","Physical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed); \nPhysical loss (due to permanent change of seabed substrate or morphology and to extraction of seabed substrate) (PresPhyLoss);\nChanges to hydrological conditions (PresPhyHydroCond)"]
["G04","G","Marine plant harvesting","Commercial and non-professional harvesting of wild marine macro- and micro-algae .","Excludes by-catch of species associated with seaweed formations (G12)","Marine plant harvesting (ActivExtrLivingPlantHarv)","Biological:\nExtraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities (PresBioExtractSps)\n\n\n"]
["G05","G","Freshwater fish and shellfish harvesting (professional)","Professional freshwater fishing and shellfish harvesting causing increased direct mortality, reduction of species and/or prey populations and disturbance to species.","Excludes:\n-recreational freshwater fishing (G06)\n-pressures related to management of fishing stocks like competition with stocked fish (G08)\n-bycatch and incidental killing  (G12) ",null,null,"5.1 - Introduced species and diseases (Fisheries and aquaculture)\n5.2 – Exploitation or removal of animals or plants (Fisheries and aquaculture)"]
["G06","G","Freshwater fish and shellfish harvesting (recreational)","Recreational freshwater fishing and shellfish harvesting causing increased direct mortality, reduction of species and/or prey populations and disturbance to species.","Excludes:\n-professional freshwater fishing (G05)\n-pressures related to management of fishing stocks like competition with stocked fish (G08) \n-bycatch and incidental killing  (G12) ",null,null,"5.1 - Introduced species and diseases (Fisheries and aquaculture)\n5.2 – Exploitation or removal of animals or plants (Fisheries and aquaculture)"]
["G07","G","Hunting","Hunting causing increased direct mortality, reduction of species and/or prey populations and disturbance to species.","Excludes:\n-pressures related to management of game like competition with game (G08) \n-incidental killing  (G12) ","Hunting and collecting for other purposes (ActivExtrLivingHunt)","Biological:\nExtraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities (PresBioExtractSps)\n\n\n","5.2 Exploitation or removal of animals or plants "]
["G08","G","Management of fishing stocks and game","Activities related to management of fishing stocks and game such as stocking or restocking with native fish species (including illegal restocking), management of game population (e.g. control of certain other predators, such as corvids, by gamekeepers), management of game habitat (e.g. burning of heather for Lagopus lagopus), feeding of game, damages due to overabundant game. "]
["G09","G","Harvesting or collecting of other wild plants and animals (excluding hunting and leisure fishing)","Harvesting or collecting of other wild plants and animals (excluding fish, shellfish and game) for example, honey, fruit or wild mushroom collection, reed cutting/harvesting, orchid collection, butterfly collecting, pillaging of floristic stations.","Excludes:\n-leisure fishing (G06)\n-hunting (G07)\n-marine plant harvesting (G04)\n-bycatch and incidental killing (G12) ","Hunting and collecting for other purposes (ActivExtrLivingHunt)","Biological:\nExtraction of, or mortality/injury to, wild species (by commercial and recreational fishing and other activities (PresBioExtractSps)\n\n\n"]
["G10","G","Illegal shooting/killing","Illegal shooting,  killing or collecting  of animal species. This  includes, for example, illegal killing of game species,  illegal taking of fish, illegal collecting of strictly protected animal species. Also includes hunting, capture or killing  using methods and forms referred to in the Article 8 of the Birds Directive  (e.g.  'indiscriminate' forms of hunting for birds such as snares) or in Article 15 of the Habitats Directive; or the practice of hunting and fishing activities that do not conform to e.g. quotas or seasonal restrictions.","Excludes illegal harvetsing, collecting and taking of plant species (G11)."]
["G11","G","Illegal harvesting, collecting and taking","Illegal harvesting, collecting and taking of plant species  (e.g. collecting strictly protected species or illegal taking of other plants species for which harvesting is regulated). ","Excludes illegal killing and taking of animal species (G10)."]
["G12","G","Bycatch and incidental killing (due to fishing and hunting activities)","Bycatch and incidental killing due to fishing and hunting activities (e.g. 'accidentally' shooting of a non-target species, because of similarities with a target species, capture/drowning on long-lines and in fishing nets,  entanglement in discarded/lost fishing gear)."]
["G13","G","Poisoning of animals (excluding lead poisoning)","Deliberate poisoning of animals including the effect of secondary poisoning.","Excludes lead poisoning which should be reported under G14."]
["G14","G","Use of lead ammunition or fishing weights","Poisoning related to the use of lead shots,  lead bullet fragments or fishing weights. ","Poisoning in general should be reported as G13.",null,null,null,"13.10.2017 \ncorrected typing error in the title"]
["G15","G","Modification of coastal conditions for marine aquaculture","Activities modifying coastal conditions triggered  by marine aquaculture (e.g. habitat loss and degradation in coastal areas due to development and installation  of  infrastructure). Includes changes  like changes in sedimentation rates due to operation of facilities  and  use  of  equipment  and  tools  (e.g.  for harvesting).",null,"Aquaculture - marine, including infrastructure (ActivCultivAquaculMarine)","Physical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed); \nPhysical loss (due to permanent change of seabed substrate or morphology and to extraction of seabed substrate) (PresPhyLoss);\nChanges to hydrological conditions (PresPhyHydroCond)"]
["G16","G","Marine aquaculture generating marine pollution","Marine pollution from marine aquaculture (e.g. nutrient input from feeding, pollution due to use of veterinary products or fertilisers or increased concentrations of organic material). Includes pollution by litter.\n\n\n","Excludes:\n-physical pollution, e.g. noise or light (G19)","Aquaculture - marine, including infrastructure (ActivCultivAquaculMarine)","Substances, litter and energy:\nInput of nutrients - diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition (PresInputNut); \nInput of organic matter – diffuse sources and point sources (PresInputOM);\nInput of other substances (e.g. synthetic substances, non-synthetic substances, radionuclides) – diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition, acute events (PresInputCont)\n"]
["G17","G","Introduction and spread of species (including GMOs) in marine aquaculture","Introduction and/or spread of allochthonous species or allochthonous genotypes and of genetically modified organisms in marine aquaculture.   It also includes changes in interspecific relations between native wild species induced by marine aquaculture (e.g. changes in sexual behaviour of autochthonous population due to aquaculture, increased food supply for piscivorous species).",null,"Aquaculture - marine, including infrastructure (ActivCultivAquaculMarine)","Biological:\nInput or spread of non-indigenous species (PresBioIntroNIS); \nInput of microbial pathogens (PresBioIntroMicroPath);\nInput of genetically modified species and translocation of native species (PresBioIntroGenModSps); \nLoss of, or change to, natural biological communities due to cultivation of animal or plant species (PresBioLossSpes)\n"]
["G18","G","Abandonment of marine aquaculture","Abandonment of marine aquaculture."]
["G19","G","Other impacts from marine aquaculture, including infrastructure","Other impacts from marine aquaculture and development and use of  marine aquaculture facilities and infrastructure (e.g. disturbance due to noise and light from construction or operation of aquaculture farms, disturbance from anti-predator devices).",null,"Aquaculture - marine, including infrastructure (ActivCultivAquaculMarine)","\nBiological:\nLoss of, or change to, natural biological communities due to cultivation of animal or plant species (PresBioLossSpes);\nPhysical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed)",null,"15.02.2018\ncorresponding MSFD pressures added (PresPhyDisturbSeabed)"]
["G20","G","Abstraction of water, flow diversion, dams and other modifications of hydrological conditions for freshwater aquaculture","Abstraction of water, flow deviation, development and operation of dams and reservoirs and other changes to the physical structure of water bodies or hydrological flow or triggered by freshwater aquaculture.",null,"Aquaculture - freshwater (ActivCultivAquaculFreshwa);\nExtraction of water (ActivExtrNonLivingWater)","Physical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed);\nChanges to hydrological conditions (PresPhyHydroCond)","3.6 – Abstraction or flow diversion – Fish farms (fisheries and aquaculture)\n4.2.8 - Dams, barriers and locks – Other\n4.3.5 – Hydrological alteration – Aquaculture"]
["G21","G","Freshwater aquaculture generating point source pollution to surface or ground waters","Chemical or biological point pollution to surface or ground waters from freshwater aquaculture (e.g. nutrient input from feeding, pollution due to use of veterinary products or increased concentrations of organic material).",null,null,null,"1.8 – Point – Aquaculture (Fisheries and aquaculture)"]
["G22","G","Freshwater aquaculture generating diffuse source pollution to surface or ground waters","Chemical or biological diffuse pollution to surface or ground waters from freshwater aquaculture (e.g. nutrient input from feeding, pollution due to use of veterinary products or increased concentrations of organic material).",null,null,null,"2.9 – Diffuse – Aquaculture"]
["G23","G","Freshwater aquaculture generating marine pollution","Chemical or biological marine pollution from freshwater aquaculture (e.g. nutrient input from feeding, pollution due to use of veterinary products or fertilisers or increased concentrations of organic material).",null,"Aquaculture - freshwater (ActivCultivAquaculFreshwa)","Substances, litter and energy:\nInput of nutrients - diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition (PresInputNut); \nInput of organic matter – diffuse sources and point sources (PresInputOM);\nInput of other substances (e.g. synthetic substances, non-synthetic substances, radionuclides) — diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition, acute events (PresInputCont); \n"]
["G24","G","Introduction and spread of species (including alien species and GMOs) in freshwater aquaculture","Introduction and/or spread of allochthonous species or allochthonous genotypes and of genetically modified organisms in freshwater aquaculture.   It also includes changes in interspecific relationships between native wild species introduced by aquaculture (e.g. an increase of piscivorous fishes due to aquaculture practices that would exert added pressure on endangered amphibians, increase in food supply for native fish populations).",null,null,"Biological:\nInput or spread of non-indigenous species (PresBioIntroNIS); \nInput of microbial pathogens (PresBioIntroMicroPath);\nInput of genetically modified species and translocation of native species (PresBioIntroGenModSps); \nLoss of, or change to, natural biological communities due to cultivation of animal or plant species (PresBioLossSpes)\n","5.1 – Introduced species and diseases (Fisheries and aquaculture)"]
["G25","G","Abandonment of freshwater aquaculture","Abandonment of freshwater aquaculture."]
["G26","G","Other impacts from freshwater aquaculture, including infrastructure","Other impacts from freshwater aquaculture and development and use of  freshwater aquaculture facilities and infrastructure (e.g. disturbance due to noise and light from construction or operation of aquaculture farms).",null,"Aquaculture - freshwater (ActivCultivAquaculFreshwa)","Biological:\nLoss of, or change to, natural biological communities due to cultivation of animal or plant species (PresBioLossSpes)"]
["G27","G","Other activities related to extraction and cultivation of biological living resources not referred to above","Other activities related to extraction and  cultivation of  biological living resources not referred to above. "]
["H","H","Military action, public safety measures, and other human intrusions"]
["H01","H","Military, paramilitary or police exercises and operations on land","Military, paramilitary or police infrastructure, exercises and operations on land (excluding military bases in urbanised areas). Includes, for example,  munitions testing, restricted access to  military training areas, military manoeuvres).","Excludes military bases in urban areas which should be reported under category F"]
["H02","H","Military, paramilitary or police exercises and operations in the freshwater and marine environment","Military, paramilitary or police infrastructure, exercises and operations in the freshwater and marine environment (e.g. collisions with vessels, disturbance by sonar from military vessels).",null,"Military operations (subject to Article 2(2))","Biological:\nDisturbance of species (e.g. where they  breed, rest and feed) due to human presence (PresBioDisturbSps);\nPhysical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed);\nSubstances, litter and energy:\nInput of anthropogenic sound (impulsive, continuous) (PresInputSound);","7 Anthopogenic pressure – Other","15.02.2018\ncorresponding MSFD pressures added (PresPhyDisturbSeabed)"]
["H03","H","Abandonment of terrestrial military or similar exercises (loss of open habitats)","Abandonment of terrestrial military or similar exercises (e.g. natural successions  on  open habitats due to cessation of military activities)."]
["H04","H","Vandalism or arson","Vandalism or arson, including for example larger scale wildfires initiated by arson."]
["H05","H","Tree surgery, felling/removal of roadside trees and vegetation for public safety","Tree surgery, felling or removal of roadside trees and vegetation on the grounds of public safety  (including interventions classified as public safety issue)."]
["H06","H","Closure or restricted access to site/habitat","Closure or restricted access to sites, like fencing of open sites, closure of caves, natural galleries and other types of restricted access to a habitat or site related to protection of private property and human safety.","Excludes:\n-protective fencing of transport  corridors E01\n-protective fencing of agricultural land which should be reported under category  A\n-protective  fencing of young forest plantation which should be reported under category B\n-protective  fencing of mining areas which should be reported under category C\n-protective  fencing of energy production and transition infrastructure which should be reported under category D",null,null,"7 – Anthopogenic pressure – Other","07.05.2018 \ncorrection of typing error in Pressure/threat field"]
["H07","H","Intrusive and destructive research and monitoring activities","Applied (intrusive) destructive research. Includes for example collection of animals/plants for scientific purposes.","Excludes geological surveys and seismic exploration (C09) \n","Research, survey and educational activities (ActivResearch)",null,null,"07.05.2016 \ndescription revised.\n15.02.2018\ncorresponding MSFD activity - added missing activity code"]
["H08","H","Other human intrusions and disturbance not mentioned above","Other human intrusions and disturbance not mentioned above  (e.g. illegal dumping)."]
["I","I","Alien and problematic species"]
["I01","I","Invasive alien species of Union concern","Problems related to invasive alien species of Union concern (under Regulation (EU) No 1143/2014) (e.g. clogging of aquatic habitats by Eichhornia crassipes,predation of adults and chicks/eggs by Myocastor coypus, Nyctereutes procyonoides and Procyon lotor, browsing of understorey habitats by Muntiacus reevesi, competition for food with Procambarus clarkii,hybridisation with Oxyura jamaicensis)."," For other invasive alien species use I02. \n","Transport – shipping (ActivTranspShip);\nAquaculture – marine, including infrastructure (ActivCultivAquaculMarine);\nAquaculture – freshwater (ActivCultivAquaculFreshwa)","Biological:\nInput or spread of non-indigenous species (PresBioIntroNIS); ","5.1 – Introduced species and diseases (Transport, Fisheries and aquaculture, Tourism and recreation)","07.05.2018 \ndesription revised;  (added …of Union concern)\n15.02.2018 \ncorresponding MSFD pressures was revised - Input of microbial pathogens (PresBioIntroMicroPath) deleted"]
["I02","I","Other invasive alien species (other then species of Union concern)","Problems related to other 'invasive' alien species (any species introduced  in modern period that is established in the wild outside its natural range and whose introduction and/or spread represent a threat or a potential threat to habitats and species, regardless of the invasive population dynamics) other than invasive alien species of Union concern (under Regulation (EU) No 1143/2014), for which code I01 should be used) (e.g.  predation of adults and chicks/eggs by Genetta genetta, Neovison vison, Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus, loss of (native) prey species owing to competition with Crassostrea gigas,decline in the quality of native vegetation owing to spread of invasive plant species (e.g. Amorpha fruticosa and Hedychium gardnerianum),overgrowing of alluvial  and lowland humid habitats with invasive plants (e.g. Solidago gigantea, S. canadensis, Aster lanceolatus, A. novi-belgii, Fallopia japonica, F. sachaliensis and Impatiens glandulifera)).","For invasive alien species of Union concern use I01. Problems with native (within their natural range) species with invasive behaviour are to be reported under I04 or under other pressures codes representing more specific human activities. Problems with diseases, pathogens and pests (including pest insects and nematodes) should be reported under the code I03.\n","Transport – shipping (ActivTranspShip);\nAquaculture – marine, including infrastructure (ActivCultivAquaculMarine);\nAquaculture – freshwater (ActivCultivAquaculFreshwa)","\n\nBiological:\nInput or spread of non-indigenous species (PresBioIntroNIS); \n","5.1 – Introduced species and diseases (Transport, Fisheries and aquaculture, Tourism and recreation)","07.05.2018 \ndesription revised;  (added …of Union concern)\n15.02.2018\nprevious pressures 'I02 Other invasive alien species (other then species of Union concern)' and 'I03 Other alien species (not invasive)'were merged into 'I02 Other invasive alien species (other then species of Union concern)'. Pathogens and diseases were sepatated as distinc pressure ('I03 Plant and animal pathogens and pests'). Fields Description, Notes on use of pressure, corresponding MSFD pressures (code) were update accordingly."]
["I03","I","DO NOT USE Other alien species (not invasive)","This code should not be used for new entries. It has been restored for technical reason.",null,null,null,null,"07.05.2018 \nthe code has been restored for technical reason."]
["I04","I","Problematic native species","Harmful plants, animals, that are originally found within the ecosystem(s) in question, but have become out-of-balance directly or indirectly due to human activities. It includes, for example, problems with feral native animals (e.g. cats, dog); overabundant algae due to loss of native grazing fish; predation of adults, fledglings and chicks/eggs by Mus musculus, native Mustela spp., Sus scrofa, Vulpes vulpes and domestic/feral Felis catus; interbreeding with feral Columba livia.\nThis pressure should be used if problems with native species cannot be associated with other more specific drivers/pressures (e.g. when problems with native species can be associated with multiple human activities or more precise activities are unknown). ",null,"can be linked to many MSFD uses","Biological:\nLoss of, or change to, natural biological communities due to cultivation of animal or plant species (PresBioLossSpes)",null,"15.02.2018\n'Description' was revised  tp reflect new pressure for pathogens and diseases (currently 'I03  Plant and animal pathogens and pests')\n13.10.2017 \n'Problematic native plants & animals' in title modified into 'Problematic native species' to accomodate pathogens.\n "]
["I05","I","Plant and animal diseases, pathogens and pests","Problems related to plant and animal diseases, pathogens and pests (including insect and nematode pests) like plague affecting rodents or diseases such as those caused by Clostridium botulinum (avian botulism) and Trichomonas gallinae (trichomoniasis).",null,"Aquaculture – marine, including infrastructure (ActivCultivAquaculMarine);\nAquaculture – freshwater (ActivCultivAquaculFreshwa)","\n\nBiological: \nInput of microbial pathogens (PresBioIntroMicroPath)","5.1 – Introduced species and diseases (Transport, Fisheries and aquaculture, Tourism and recreation)","07.05.208\nRecoded to I05 in line with outcomes from March EC meeting. Title revised (added ...diseases).\n15.02.2018\nprevious pressures 'I02 Other invasive alien species (other then species of Union concern)' and 'I03 Other alien species (not invasive)'were merged into 'I02 Other invasive alien species (other then species of Union concern)'. Pathogens and diseases were sepatated as distinc pressure ('I03 Plant and animal pathogens and pests'). Fields Description, Notes on use of pressure, corresponding MSFD pressures (code) were update accordingly."]
["J","J","Mixed source pollution","Threats from the introduction of exotic and/or excess materials or energy from point and diffuse sources for which no clear driver(s) (level 1 category) can be identified. Where (one or several)  key sectoral driver(s) can be identified, the pressure/threat should be reported under the corresponding sectoral categories. In some cases, the source of the pollution may be either unknown or from a historical source (e.g., heavy metals buried in sediments).  "]
["J01","J","Mixed source pollution to surface and ground waters (limnic and terrestrial)","Mixed source pollution to surface and ground waters. Pollution should only be reported under this category when the key driver of the pollution is unclear or where pollution is related to several causes. (e.g. river eutrophication  can be related to several direct and indirect sources like sewage, agricultural and industrial  discharges, diffuse pollution from agriculture, decreased retention of alluvial vegetation due to inadequate management). Where a key sectoral driver can be identified, pollution should be reported under the corresponding sectoral pollution category.",null,null,null,"any pressure from categories '1  Point'  and '2 Diffuse'"]
["J02","J","Mixed source marine water pollution (marine and coastal)","Mixed source marine water pollution (marine and coastal). Pollution should only be reported under this category when the key driver of the pollution is unclear or where pollution is related to several causes (e.g. marine pollution by hydrocarbons can be related to several sources, like industrial discharges, water and land based transport operation, pollution, transport and exploitation accidents). Where a key sectoral driver can be identified, pollution should be reported under the corresponding sectoral pollution category.",null,"can be linked to many MSFD uses","Substances, litter and energy:\nInput of nutrients — diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition (PresInputNut); \nInput of organic matter – diffuse sources and point sources (PresInputOM);\nInput of other substances (e.g. synthetic substances, non-synthetic substances, radionuclides) — diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition, acute events (PresInputCont); \nInput of litter (solid waste matter, including micro-sized litter) (PresInputLitter)","any pressure from categories '1  Point'  and '2 Diffuse'","15.02.2018\ncorresponding MSFD pressures - missing rpessure code added"]
["J03","J","Mixed source air pollution, air-borne pollutants","Mixed source air pollution, air-borne pollutants. Pollution should only be reported under this category when the key driver of the pollution is unclear or where pollution is related to several causes (e.g. source of pollutants for acid rain is usually a mix of emissions from vehicles, power plants etc.). Where a key sectoral driver can be identified, pollution should be reported under the corresponding sectoral pollution category.",null,"can be linked to many MSFD uses","Substances, litter and energy:\nInput of nutrients — diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition (PresInputNut)","2.7 – Diffuse – Atmospheric deposition (Agriculture, Energy – non-hydropower, Industry, Transport, Urban development)"]
["J04","J","Mixed source soil pollution and solid waste (excluding discharges)","Mixed source soil pollution and solid waste (excluding discharges). Pollution should only be reported under this category when the key driver of the pollution is unclear or where pollution is related to several causes. Where a key sectoral driver can be identified, pollution should be reported under the corresponding sectoral pollution category."]
["J05","J","Mixed source excess energy","Mixed source excess energy. Pollution should only be reported under this category when the key driver of the pollution is unclear or where pollution is related to several causes. Where a key sectoral driver can be identified, pollution should be reported under the corresponding sectoral pollution category."]
["K","K","Human-induced changes in water regimes","Human-induced changes in hydraulic conditions should only be reported under this category when   key sectoral driver(s) of the change is/are unclear. When  (one or several)  key sectoral driver(s) can be identified, the pressure/threat should be reported under the corresponding sectoral categories.",null,null,null,"04.05.2018 correction of typing error in Description"]
["K01","K","Abstraction from groundwater, surface water or mixed water","Abstractions from groundwater, surface water or mixed water should only be reported under this category when the key driver of the change is unclear or where these changes are related to several causes. Where a key sectoral driver(s) can be identified, the pressure/threat should be reported under the corresponding sectoral category.",null,null,null,"any pressure from category '3 Abstraction or flow diversion'","07.05.2018 \ncorrection of typing error in Pressure/threat field"]
["K02","K","Drainage","Drainage including landfill, land reclamation and drying out should only be reported under this category when the key driver of the change is unclear or where these changes are related to several causes. Where a key sectoral driver(s) can be identified, the pressure/threat should be reported under the corresponding sectoral category.",null,null,null,"any pressure from category '4.1 Physical  alteration of  channel/bed/riparian area/shore'"]
["K03","K","Development and operation of dams","Development and operation of dams should only be reported under this category when the key driver of the change is unclear or where these changes are related to several causes. Where a key sectoral driver(s) can be identified, the pressure/threat should be reported under the corresponding sectoral category.",null,null,null,"any pressure from category '4.2 – Dams, barriers and locks'"]
["K04","K","Modification of hydrological flow","Modification of hydrological flow should only be reported under this category when the key driver of the change is unclear or where these changes are related to several causes. Where a key sectoral driver can be identified, the pressure/threat should be reported under the corresponding sectoral category.\nIncludes, for example, modification of flooding regimes or cutting of aquatic and bank vegetation to improve water flow.",null,null,null,"any pressure from category '4.3 - Hydrological alteration'\n"]
["K05","K","Physical alteration of water bodies","Physical alteration of water bodies should only be reported under this category when the key driver of the change is unclear or where these changes are related to several causes. Where a key sectoral driver(s) can be identified, the pressure/threat should be reported under the corresponding sectoral category.\nIncludes, for example, removal of sediments, canalisation and water deviation.",null,"Canalisation and other watercourse modifications (ActivRestrucCanalisation)","Physical:\nPhysical disturbance to seabed (temporary or reversible) (PresPhyDisturbSeabed);\nPhysical loss (due to permanent change of seabed substrate or morphology and to extraction of seabed substrate) (PresPhyLoss);\nChanges to hydrological conditions (PresPhyHydroCond);","any pressure from category '4.1 Physical  alteration of  channel/bed/riparian area/shore'","15.02.2018\ncorresponding MSFD pressures added (PresPhyDisturbSeabed), (PresPhyLoss), (PresPhyHydroCond).\n13.10.2017 \ncorrected typing error in the title"]
["L","L","Natural processes (excluding catastrophes and processes induced by human activity or climate change)","Does not include pressures linked to natural catastrophes (see M - Geological events, natural catastrophes), climate change (see N - Climate change) or human activity. Where the natural processes to be reported are clearly linked to human induced land use change the pressure should be reported under this alternate category."]
["L01","L","Abiotic natural processes (e.g. erosion, silting up, drying out, submersion, salinization)","Abiotic natural processes (e.g. natural erosion in areas with naturally low vegetation cover). Includes natural abiotic processes only. The abiotic processes resulting from human activities or the abandonment of human activities should be reported under the appropriate pressures, for example, silting up as a result of erosion due to wood transport should be coded as B16 Wood transport."]
["L02","L","Natural succession resulting in species composition change (other than by direct changes of agricultural or forestry practices)","Changes in a species composition due to natural succession (e.g. primary succession related to natural siltation of lakes or succession after natural disturbances). Includes natural succession only. Spontaneous succession following the abandonment of farming practices is to be coded using appropriate codes under the category A - Agriculture. Spontaneous succession following the abandonment of traditional forest practices is to be coded using respective codes under the category F - Forestry."]
["L03","L","Accumulation of organic material","Accumulation of organic material. Includes natural processes accumulation of organic material only (e.g. peat formation) ."]
["L04","L","Natural processes of eutrophication or acidification","Natural processes of eutrophication or acidification (e.g. natural eutrophication of lakes or natural eutrophication due to natural drying out of peatlands in areas with insufficient precipitation rate).  Includes natural processes of acidification or eutrophication only. Eutrophication resulting directly or indirectly from human activities should be reported under the appropriate pressures, for example, eutrophication due to the anthropogenic input of nitrogen should be reported under A20 or eutrophication due to drainage of fens or peatlands should be reported under codes that capture drainage,  for example A31.","The natural eutrophication is often associated with change of species composition; in this case both L04 and L02 should be reported. "]
["L05","L","Reduced fecundity / genetic depression (e.g. inbreeding or endogamy)","Reduced fecundity and/or genetic depression resulting from e.g. inbreeding or endogamy. This pressure should be used for genetic depression in naturally small and/or isolated populations but also in populations which declined and/or became isolated in the past (excluding recent past) due to anthropogenic pressures."]
["L06","L","Interspecific relations (competition, predation, parasitism, pathogens)","Interspecific relations (competition, predation, parasitism, pathogens). Includes natural relations (not induced by human activities) like plant pest damages (e.g. infection of seeds, like mildew infection, rust infection etc.), animal pest damages (e.g. damage to the plants reproductive organs by invertebrates, parasites) or native plants hybridization with other plants. Changes in interspecific relationships resulting from human activities should be reported under respective pressures for example I04 or G08.",null,null,null,null,"13.10.2017\n'Interspecific faunal and floral relations'  in title modified to 'Interspecific relations' to accomodate pathogens. "]
["L07","L","Absence or reduction of interspecific faunal and floral relations (e.g. pollinators)","Absence or reduction of interspecific relations (e.g. lack of pollinators or lack of prey). Includes absence or reduction of interspecific relations due to natural reasons (e.g. lack of prey due to spread of diseases).","Excludes changes in interspecific relations related to climate change which should be reported under respective pressure from category N.",null,null,null,"07.05.2015 \ndesrpition revised, incorrect  example of changes related to climate change has been removed"]
["M","M","Geological events, natural catastrophes"]
["M01","M","Volcanic activity","Volcanic activity."]
["M02","M","Tidal waves, tsunamis","Tidal waves, tsunamis. Includes geologically caused tidal waves/tsunamis.","Excludes climatic  storm surges which should be reported under M07 and/or N04"]
["M03","M","Earthquake","Earthquakes.","Excludes earthquakes resulting from human activities (e.g. unconventional gas production G03 or geotechnical surveying G09)"]
["M04","M","Avalanche (snow)","Avalanche (snow). Includes avalanches which are not triggered by human activities, such as off piste skiing.","Increased frequency of avalanches due either climate change (N01) or human activities such as off-piste skiing (F07) should be reported under the appropriate codes."]
["M05","M","Collapse of terrain, landslide","Collapses of terrain, landslides.","Landslides and collapses of terrain related to (soil) erosion caused/exacerbated by storms (M07) or fire (M09) should be reported under the appropriate codes corresponding to a primary cause of the event."]
["M06","M","Underground collapses (natural processes)","Underground collapses (natural processes).","Does not included collapses resulting from human activities, e.g. mine collapses and collapse of abandoned mines should be reported under C01."]
["M07","M","Storm, cyclone","Storm, cyclone. Direct impact of storm or cyclone such as loss of clutches/broods of coastal-nesting species during storm surges, at-sea mortality ('wrecks') of seabirds during winter storms, damage to nests during high winds, direct impacts of heavy rain.","Excludes:\n-indirect effect of storms and heavy rain like flooding further downstream areas (M08)\n-increased quantity and intensity of storms (N03)"]
["M08","M","Flooding (natural processes)","Natural flooding causing e.g.  loss of nests of species nesting on the ground or in emergent vegetation along rivers, in marshes and low-lying areas such as floodplains; reduced access to food resources in these areas during prolonged flooding.","Does not included flooding resulting from or exacerbated by human activities "]
["M09","M","Fire (natural)","Natural fires (e.g. natural forest fires).","Excludes:\n-uncontrolled fires originating from  burning in agriculture (A11) or forestry (B13)\n-uncontrolled fires originating from arson (H04)"]
["M10","M","Other natural catastrophes","Other natural catastrophes."]
["N","N","Climate change"]
["N01","N","Temperature changes (e.g. rise of temperature & extremes) due to climate change","Periods in which temperatures exceed or go below the normal range of variation. Includes, for example, heat waves, cold spells, oceanic temperature changes, disappearance of glaciers/sea ice."]
["N02","N","Droughts and decreases in precipitation due to climate change","Periods in which rainfall falls below the normal range of variation. Includes, for example, severe lack of rain, loss of surface water sources.",null,null,null,"4.4 Hydromorphological alteration – Physical loss of whole or part of the water body (Climate change)"]
["N03","N","Increases or changes in precipitation due to climate change","Increased precipitation due to climate change. Also includes increased quantity and intensity of storms."]
["N04","N","Sea-level and wave exposure changes due to climate change","Sea-level and wave exposure changes due to climate change."]
["N05","N","Change of habitat location, size, and / or quality due to climate change","Change of habitat location, size, and / or quality due to climate change (e.g. changes in pH or ocean acidification)."]
["N06","N","Desynchronisation of biological / ecological processes due to climate change","Desynchronisation of biological / ecological processes due to climate change."]
["N07","N","Decline or extinction of related species (e.g. food source / prey, predator / parasite, symbiote, etc.) due to climate change","Decline or extinction of related species (e.g. food source / prey, predator / parasite, symbiote, etc.) due to climate change.",null,null,null,null,"07.05.2018\ncorrection of typing error in Pressure/threat field"]
["N08","N","Change of species distribution (natural newcomers) due to climate change","Change of species distribution (natural newcomers) due to climate change."]
["N09","N","Other climate related changes in abiotic conditions","Other climate related changes in abiotic conditions e.g. water flow changes (limnic, tidal and oceanic) due to climate change.",null,null,"Substances, litter and energy:\nInput of nutrients – diffuse sources, point sources, atmospheric deposition (PresInputNut)"]
["X","X","Unknown pressures, no pressures and pressures from outside the Member State"]
["Xu","X","Unknown pressure","Pressure is acting, but not possible to clearly identify."]
["Xxp","X","No pressures","There are no proven pressures."]
["Xxt","X","No threats","There are no predicted threats."]
["Xp","X","No information on pressures","No data on pressures."]
["Xt","X","No information on threats","No data on threats."]
["Xe","X","Threats and pressures from outside the EU territory","Threats and pressures from outside the EU territory (for the Article 17 reporting only).","This pressure code can only be used for the Article 17 reporting. For the Article 12 reporting the infomration on pressures location should be provided for each reported pressure. ",null,null,null,"07.05.2018 \nNotes on use of pressure added. Desription revised (added…(for the Article 17 reporting only))"]
["Xo","X","Threats and pressures from outside the Member State","Threats and pressures from outside the Member State (for the Article 17 reporting only).","This pressure code can only be used for the Article 17 reporting. For the Article 12 reporting the infomration on pressures location should be provided for each reported pressure. ",null,null,null,"07.05.2018 \nNotes on use of pressure added. Desription revised (added…(for the Article 17 reporting only))"]